exam 3

gender develops through reinforcement and observation of models, learn gender roles through observation of others

gender segeration in play groups and toy preferences

ones sense of being male or female

acceptance among others, flexibility and application influenced by enviroment

androgens-estrogens, key players testerorone and estrogen, cerebral hemisphere

increase in androgens above normal levels, female causes male genitals

does not respons to hormone, female genitialia

excitement, plateo, orgasim, resolution

hormonal differences: exposure to testerone, sibiling order

drive reduction: motivated by drives that arise from needs, based on homostatis

behaviors can seen to be driven by need to increase or decrease our physiological arousal level, we seek out

stomach, hormones, brain, hypothalamus detects and monitors levels of blood glucoss-releases appetite suppressing/stimulating

brain mechanisms regulate the body weight around a set pt of weight

emotions arise from our awareness of our specific bodily resonses to a stimulus

emotion arousing stimuli trigger our resonses bodily responses and subjective experience

our experience of emotion depends on two factors: general arousal and a conscious cognitive level

some emboddied responses happen instantly without conscious appasial

emotional arousal from one event influences our response to other events

an improvement in provement produced by the mere presecene of others

the rate at which the body burns calories at rest, the slower the rate the more likely to gain weight, genetics may influence this rate

bodily arousal, conscious experience, and expressive behavior

expressive behaviors: yelling bodily arousal: pounding heart conscious experience: that driver is bad i am angry

joy, anger, interest, fear, disgust, surprise, sadness, contempt, shame guilt

thing we view as threatening, challenging or overwhelming

deciding if we view something as a stressor or not

emotional psychological or physical reaction

intial assesment of the situation

assesment to determine how to respond

more likely to catch cold than the those not stressed, high levels of cartitsol causes demage to the body

people turn to drugs or alcohol to reduce anxiety from stressors

reducing the stressors, risk: magnifying emotional distress

reducing the emotional impact of stress by gettting support, confort, and perspective from others

internal forces control rate, we have personal control of the direction of things, higher achievements better with stress coping less

too much sense of control and we believe that when bad things happen it is our fault

external or outside things determinefate, beyound our personal control, too much of this and people do not take intiative and motivation

to describe the pattern of pyschological reactions to stressors

to describe the pattern of pyschological reactions to stressors

phase one: alarm phase two: restitance phase 3

sympathetic nervious system response-production of norepinephrine and epinephrine

brain signals adrenal to produce costrol and other stressors hormones

exhaustion-reserve depleted other prolonged restistence ohase

immune system repression

adress stressor, increase sense of control, social support, relaxation and meditation, religon and commnities of faith

white blood cells attack viruses and bacteria invades

produce antibodies to intial bacteria

personality and behavior are shaped by unconscious forces and inner conflict between them, inner forces

levels of consciousness, structure of personality, defense mechanisms, stages of psychosexual

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

development of sexual desires for the parents of the opposite sex

id, ego, superego

born with only the id, imulsively seek basic needs

forms during the first year, operates on the reliality principle

develops between 4-5, internalizes moral teaching from parents

support healthy personal growth, focus on happy people not mentally ill people, conscious choice self determination and self realization

self actualization, motivated by the heirarchy of needs

based on the idea that social and cognitive thinking interactions and drive personality

personal factors behaviors, and enviromental factors influence each other

ongoing interaction among conditions, behaviors, and the enviroment

stable components of personality, traits can be indeified and measured, traits differ from person to person

conscioustious, agreeableness, neurotcism, openess, extravasion

structures, systamic, exposure to standardized set of prompts