Abdominal Midterm

89 cards·by Terrin23

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Study of Body by dissection of tissues

Gross Anatomy

studies parts of tissue under microscope

histology

studies development before birth

embryology

study of the disease process

pathology

all of the physical and chemical changes that occur within the body

metabolism

medical measurements used to ascertain how the body is functioning

Vital Signs

Absence of this = Death

Vital Signs

4 Abdominal Quadrants

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

9 Abdominal Regions

Rt Hypochondrium, Epigastric, Lt Hypochondrium, Rt Lumbar, Umbilical, Lt Lumbar, Rt Iliac Fossa, Hypogastric, Lt Iliac Fossa

Internal Organs

Viscera

10 Abdominal Viscera

liver, GB, Spleen, Pancreas, Kidneys, Aorta, IVC, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine

Fibrous band that stretches from the xiphoid to the pubis symphasis

Linea Alba

False Pelvis

Pelvis Major

True Pelvis

Pelvis Minor

Contains lower part of the intestinal and urinary tracts and the reproductive organs

True Pelvis

accumulation of fluid

ascites

2 Omentums

Greater Omentum, Lesser Omentum

2 Parts of Peritoneal Cavity

Greater and Lesser Sac

5 Ligaments

Falciform, Ligamentum Teres, Leinorenal, Gastrosplenic, Phrenicocolic

Morisons Pouch

Right Posterior Subphrenic Space

3 Subphrenic Spaces

Right Anterior, Left Anterior, Right Posterior

4 Paracolic Gutters

Right Medial, Right Lateral, Left Lateral, all others that are in free communication w/thepelvic cavity

Oblique passage through te lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

Inguinal canal

Protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall

Hernia

Diverticulum of the Peritoneum

Hernial Sac

5 Hernias

Inguinal, Femoral, Umbilical, Epigastric, Abdominus Rectus

3 Retroperitoneal Spaces

Anterior Pararenal, Posterior Pararenal, Perirenal

Influences what megahertz transducer should be used

Patient size

beam is usually best reflected when the transducer is

perpendicular to the surface

what should always be included when labeling a scan?

patient name, date, organ, scan plane, pateint position

3 vessel layers

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Carry blood away from heart

arteries

encolosed within a sheath that includes an accompanying vein and nerve

arteries

carry blood toward heart

veins

minute hair sized vessels connecting arterial and venous systems

capillaries

5 sections of Aorta

Root, Ascending, Descending, Abdominal, Bifurcation into Common Iliac Arteries

localized abnormal dilation of any vessel

Aneurysm

Pre-disposing issues for AAA

Arteriosclerosis, Trauma, Congenital, Syphillis, Mycotic, Cystic Medial Necrosis

Most Common cause of Aneurysm (97%)

Arteriosclerosis

Arterioscelrosis Facts

person over 50, more common in males (5:1)

Aneurysm Classifications

Berry, Saccular, Fusiform

normal Aorta

< 3 cm

percentage of accuracy of ultrasound at detecting an aneurysm

98.8%

proper way to measure aorta width

outer anterior wall to outer posterior wall

Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting the puntured artery

Pseudoaneurysm

Also considered a type of aneurysn. Look for "flap" or recent channel with or without dilation

Aortic Dissection

3 Causes of Aortic Dissection

Cystic Medial Necrosis, Marfan's Syndrom, Hypertension

Most common site of a ruptured aortic aneurysm

Lateral wall below the renal arteries

May be seen as a chest Mass

High Aneurysm

May produce septic symptoms

Mycotic Aneurysm

AV Fistula should be suspected if _____ and _____ are present.

lower trunk and leg edema, dilated IVC

Normal IVC diameter

< 2.5 cm

Double IVC incidence

< 3%

Most Common Tumor

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Another Tumor that commonly extends into the IVC. MOst commonly found in Kids.

Wilm's Tumor

Most Common origin of pulmonary emboli

Venous thrombosis from the lower extremeties

Usually seen in dehydrated or septic infants

Renal Vein Obstruction

Toward Liver

Hepatopetal

Away from liver

Hepatofugal

Thrombosis or the Hepatic Veins

Budd Chiari

If normal flow is presetn in the hepatic veins rule out.......

Budd Chiari

What flow should the Portal Vein have?

Hepatopetal

What does TIPS stand for?

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Tips alters _____?

Flow

Oxygenated blood is delivered to the liver via the _____?

Hepatic Arteries

Nutrient rich blood is delivered to the liver via the ________?

Portal Vein

Line the liver sinusoids and remove bacteria, foreign matter, and weakned blood cells.

Phagocytic Kupffer Cells

Right lobe is bigger than Left. What is the ratio?

6:1

What Abdominal region does the liver occupy?

Right Hypochondrium

Seperates the RLL and the LLL.

Main Lobar Fissure

Divides RLL into Anterior and Posterior Segments

Right Segmental Fissure

Divides the LLL into lateral and medial segments

Left Segmental Fissure

What is Falciform Ligament AKA......

Remnant of the fetal portion of the ventral mesentary

What is Ligamentum Teres AKA.....

Obliterated Umbilical Vein

Bile ducts deleiver bile to the ______?

Duodenum

BUN

Blood Urea Nitrogen, Level of urea in the blood

Best method for evaluating Liver Disease?

Liver biopsy exam

List the LFT's...

AST, ALT, LDH, ALk Phos, Bilirubin, Prothromin Time, Albumin and Globulins

Bilirubin is....

a pigment that is released when red blood cells are broken down. It is excreted in bile.

_____ is more specofoc than ______ in evaluating Liver function.

ALT, AST

Produced by the liver, bones, intestines and placenta

Alk Phos

Prothrombin time depends on

Vitamin K

Increased lipid accumulation in the liver

Fatty Infiltration (A benign process that may be reversible)

Hepatitis can be _______ or ________

acute or chronic

Most commonly the result of chronic alcohol abuse

Cirrhosis

Liver cell failure and portal hypertension are the end stage of this disease

Cirrhosis (disease process is chronic and progressive)

Foregut gives rise to

pharynx, lower resp system, esophagus, duodemun, liver, pancreas, biliary apparatus

Midgut gives rise to

distal duodenum, jejunem, ileum, cecum, veriform appendix, ascending colon, rith 1/2 to 2/3 of the trans colon

Hindgut gives rise to.....

Left 1/2 to 2/3 of the trans colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, superior anal canal