Comm Final Exam

Something that represents something else and conveys meaning

Something that represents something else and conveys meaning

Something that represents something else and conveys meaning

signs that represent a thing itself and always bear some resemblance to the object to which they refer

signs that reveal something beyond the thing itself.

the concrete meaning of the message, and the meaning suggested by or associated without the message and the emotions triggered by it.

what a message conveys about the relationship between the parties.

the physical surroundings of a communication event.

the people interacting during communication.

transmitting ideas and emotions via signs and symbols.

taking ideas and converting them into messages.

receiving a message and interpreting its meaning.

the means through which a message is transmitted

any stimulus that can interfere with, or degrade, the quality of a message.

the response to a message.

the education, life events,and cultural background that a communicator possesses.

standards of what is right and wrong, good and bad, moral and immoral.

the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that awe sent and received.

pertaining to the belief that there is a single correct moral standard that holds for everyone, everywhere, everytime

the balance of open mindedness and critic when evaluating others' messagesal attitude needed

the honest and ethical response receivers provide to the messages of others.

the refusal to acknowledge the intended meaning of a message.

communication acts that attempt to deny others the right to speak based on their positions or identities.

answer

- the process of choosing which sensory information to focus on.

the process by which one recognizes what sensory input represents.

the act of assigning meaning to sensory information.

consciously or unconsciously attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available.

the ability to form mental models of the world.

cognitive structure that represents an individual's understanding of a concept or person.

an idealized schema

the sequence of actions one develops to attain particular goals.

a relatively fixed sequence of events that functions as a guide or template for communication or behavior.

creating schemas that overgeneralizes attributes of a specific group.

A structure that shapes how people interpret their perceptions.

explanation of the processes we use to judge our own and others' behavior.

the tendency to attribute one's own negative behavior to external causes and one;s positive actions to internal states.

the tendency to give one's self more credit than is due when good things happen and to accept too little responsibility for those things tha

the tendency to attribute others' negative behavior to internal causes and their positive behaviors to external causes.

categories people develop to help them organize information.

the degree to which a person's constructs are detailed, involved, or numerous.

the tendency to view one's own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged.

experiencing aversive or negative feelings toward a group as whole or toward an individual because she or he belongs to a group.

defensive function- the role prejudice plays in protecting individuals' sense of self worth.

expressive function- the role played by prejudice in allowing people to view their own values, norms and cultural practices as appropriate a

answer

use of language to obtain what you need or desire.

use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others.

use of language to communicate information or report facts.

use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding.

use of language to establish and define social relationships

Use of language to express individuality and personality.

use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively.

the study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning.

the rules that govern world order.

the study of meaning.

the dictionary, or literal meaning of a word.

the affective or interpretive meaning attached to a word.

field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals.

branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words.

a variation of a language distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Vocabulary

the influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period.

the specialized terms that develop in many professions.

idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world (relativists perspective).

comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self image of our conversational partners.

comments that validate positive self-images of others.

the stage of listening most people refer to as "hearing", when listeners pick up the soundwaves directed toward them.

interpreting the messages associated with sounds or what the sounds mean.

assessing your reaction to a message.

Showing others how you regard their message.

answer

all the nonverbal actions people perform.

nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning

distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use

nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior.

Nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving, or holding up a hand to direct people's atte

signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal messages.

gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning.

gestures used to manage emotions.

gestures used to control conversation.

how close or involved people appear to be with each other.

all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress.

qualities such as speed, pitch, rhythm, vocal range, and articulation that make up the music of the human voice.

uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language

the study of the way people use time as a message

the study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships, to communicate.

engaging in one task or behavior at a time

engaging in multiple activities simultaneously

0 to 18 inches, people who are very close

18 in to 4 feet, friends and acquaintances

4 to 12 feet, unfamiliar

4 to 12 feet, unfamiliar

12 to 25 ft, lecture or performances

the study if the communicative function of touch

type of touch used by certain workers, such as dentist, hairstylists, and hospice workers, as part of their livelihood, also known as functi

the least intimate type of touch, same as professional touch.

Touch that is part of daily interaction in the United States, it is more intimate that professional touch but is still impersonal.

- touch that is more intimate than social touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness and caring

the touch most often used with one's romantic partners and family.

a type of touch used to establish dominance and power

clothing and other accessories.

using non verbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and moods.

using nonverbal behaviors to help manage turn taking during conversation

using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness.

using nonverbal behavior to exercise influence over other people.

using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts.

communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different.

learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people.

diverse

people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns.

People who are border dwellers by choice and for a limited time, such as study abroad students or corporate personnel.

people who are border dwellers by choice and for an extended time, such as immigrants.

people who are border dwellers, permanently but not by choice, such as those who relocate to escape war

A feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues

people who are border dwellers not by choice and only for a limited time, such as refugees forced to move.

Culture shock experienced by travelers upon returning to their home country.

who a person is; composed of individual and social categories a person identifies with, as well as categories identify them with.

the idea that peoples's self images arise primarily from the ways that others view them and from the many messages they have received from

the idea that self-image results from the images others reflect back to an individual.

the important people on an individual's life whose opinions and behavior influence the various aspects of identity.

the collection of roles, rules, norms, beliefs, and attitudes endorsed by the community in which a person lives.

When an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood it will.

Process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance.

a relatively stable set of perceptions that people hold about themselves.

An individuals sense of his or her value of worth.

Treating others, and expecting to be treated, with respect and dignity.

- the process or means by which we show the world who we think we are.

Performing scripts deemed proper for particular identities.

the expectations that one will perform in a particular way because of the social role occupied.

subject to change

Shared biological/genetic traits.

one who self-identifies as having more than one racial identity.

Based on a persons country or citizenship

Shared cultural, linguistic, or religious origins/background.

Social construction of masculinity and femininity.

Which category of sexuality you identify with.

Your age, and how you and others feel about your age

Informal rankings based on occupation, income, education etc

Aspect of identity defined by one's spiritual beliefs.

answer

theory that argues that much early interaction dedicated to reducing uncertainty about others and determining if one wishes to interact with

Communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion.

the focus on the study if behavior as a science.

the mechanics of public speaking, including proper pronunciation, posture, and grammar.

an accepted set if methods for developing new knowledge about a subject.

contemporary term for the behaviorist approach.

contemporary term for humanistic (rhetorical) study.

belief system that represents a particular worldview.

a set of statements that explains a particular phenomenon.

the specific watt that scholars collect and analyze data which theta then use to prove or disprove their theories.

relating to everyday, real-life situations, such as a classroom, cafe etc.

methods that convert data to numerical indicators, and then analyze these numbers using statistics to establish relationships among the conc

methods in which researchers study naturally occurring communication rather than assembling data and converting it to numbers.

relating to studies in which researchers actively engage with partipants

used by researchers to examine texts or public speeches as they

an approach used not only to understand human behavior but ultimately to change society.

similar to rhetoric analysis; used yo analyze cultural "products" such as media and public speeches.

answer

using non verbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and moods.

using nonverbal behaviors to help manage turn taking during conversation

using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness.

using nonverbal behavior to exercise influence over other people.

using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts

communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different.

learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people.

diverse

people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns.

People who are border dwellers by choice and for a limited time, such as study abroad students or corporate personnel.

people who are border dwellers by choice and for an extended time, such as immigrants.

people who are border dwellers not by choice and only for a limited time, such as refugees forced to move.

people who are border dwellers, permanently but not by choice, such as those who relocate to escape war

A feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues

Culture shock experienced by travelers upon returning to their home country.

beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned.

a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals.

a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group.

A value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good evil or a mixture

a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group.

A value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good evil or a mixture

the perceived relationship between humans and nature.

a Value Orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and a

dimension of societies value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth

Stresses the importance of possessing the fundamental truth

stresses the importance of virtue

recognizes that things need not be perceived as either/or but may be seen as both/and

thinking in which things are perceived as either/or

answer

how close one is to others

the appeal one person has for another based on physical appearance personalities and/or behavior

the tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are

degree to which people share the same values, interests, and background

a theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in self disclosure.

Commitment: Termination:1. Initiating 1.differentiating"2. Experimenting 2. circumscribing"3. Intensifying 3.stagnating"4. Integrating 4.avo

tension in relationships that describes the need to be open and to self-dislose while also maintaining some sense of privacy

behaviors that couples perform that help maintain their relationships.

the distaste and aversion that people feel toward working in groups

groups that provide members with a sense belonging and affection

groups that meet principally to solve problems

tendency for people to work harder when others are around.

leadership theory that suggest leaders are born

assumes leadership behaviors can be earned

everyones equal in the group

pitfall in small group interaction caused by excessive analysis hindering group to move forward

the goals and effects of communication

a function of organizational com in which activity is coordinated toward accomplishing tasks

stability of existing systems is preserved

Systems are changed

lines of communication or a system of pathways through which messages flow

the distaste and aversion that people feel toward working in groups

groups that provide members with a sense belonging and affection

groups that meet principally to solve problems

tendency for people to work harder when others are around.

leadership theory that suggest leaders are born

assumes leadership behaviors can be earned

everyones equal in the group

pitfall in small group interaction caused by excessive analysis hindering group to move forward

the distaste and aversion that people feel toward working in groups

groups that provide members with a sense belonging and affection

groups that meet principally to solve problems

tendency for people to work harder when others are around.

leadership theory that suggest leaders are born

assumes leadership behaviors can be earned

everyones equal in the group

pitfall in small group interaction caused by excessive analysis hindering group to move forward

the goals and effects of communication

a function of organizational com in which activity is coordinated toward accomplishing tasks

stability of existing systems is preserved

Systems are changed

lines of communication or a system of pathways through which messages flow

communication with subordinates

communication with superiors

communication with peers

a power structure in which some members exercise authority over others.

officially designated channels of communication

Unspoken but understood channels of communication

social function

potentially chaotic social conflicts or problems are managed

Valued resources and thus power are generated and distributed

a pattern of shared beliefs values and behaviors

occurs when an employee's values starts to overlap with the organization's values

when employees come to see themselves as members of the organization and colleagues see them this way as well

describes the gap in information and understanding between supervisors and subordinates on specific issues

when subordinates are hesitant to communicate negative news and present information to superiors in a more positive light then is warranted

a state in which two people share similar perceptions and recognize that their perceptions agree

a person or institution that addresses a large audience the originator of a communication message but not necessarily the one delivering it

artistic skills of a rhetor that influence effectiveness

Credibility

the rhetorical use of emotions to affect audience decision making

Rational appeals the use of rhetoric to help the audience see the rationale for a particular conclusion

those people who can take the appropriate action in response to a message

any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse

the type of rhetoric used to argue what a society should do in the future

the arena in which decision making occurs through the exchange of ideas and arguments

large body or organized people who are attempting to create social change

officially designated channels of communication reflecting explicit or desired patterns of interaction.

Unspoken but understood channels of communication reflecting patterns that develop spontaneously.

social function.

potentially chaotic social conflicts or problems are managed.

Valued resources and thus power are generated and distributed.

a pattern of shared beliefs values and behaviors.

occurs when an employee's values starts to overlap with the organization's values.

when employees come to see themselves as members of the organization and colleagues see them this way as well.

describes the gap in information and understanding between supervisors and subordinates on specific issues.

when subordinates are hesitant to communicate negative news and present information to superiors in a more positive light then is warranted.

a state in which two people share similar perceptions and recognize that their perceptions agree.

a person or institution that addresses a large audience the originator of a communication message but not necessarily the one delivering it.

artistic skills of a rhetor that influence effectiveness.

Credibility.

the rhetorical use of emotions to affect audience decision making.

Rational appeals the use of rhetoric to help the audience see the rationale for a particular conclusion.

those people who can take the appropriate action in response to a message.

any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse.

the type of rhetoric used to argue what a society should do in the future.

the arena in which decision making occurs through the exchange of ideas and arguments.

large body or organized people who are attempting to create social change.

a plural form of medium or a channel of communication.

large organizations in the business of mass communication that produce distribute or show various media texts.

refers to the new communication technologies of the late twentieth century and early twenty first century.

seekers of various media messages and resisters of others.

portrayal of communication as a process occurring largely in one direction.

a television show

focuses on specific aspects of the content of a text or group of texts.

process by which we consent to social constructions rather than having.

occasions or catastrophes that interrupt regular programming.

representations of violent acts in media.

sees mediated communication as deficient

views mediated communication as complementing or augmenting face to face communication.

pictographs used in email to convey relational information.

potential partners and friends.

internet relationships that develop intimacy more quickly than face to face relationships.

theory that explains why some innovations are accepted by some and rejected by others.