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Humanities final
37 cards·by abigailstudier
What is an Agora?
marketplace where people gathered to conduct business and political affairs as well as to
socialize.
What is an Acropolis?
a fortified hilltop where temples and shrines were located; Greek rulers usually resided
there.
What is a Polis?
a a small, well-defined city-state; the basic political unit of ancient Greece
What did the Parthenon replace?
temple destroyed by Persians
Who was the Parthenon dedicated to?
Athena, chief goddess of Athens
Who were the Parthenon architects and what was the Parthenon made of?
Ictinus and Callicrates. the building was made out of white marble.
Who was Pericles?
an Athenian leader used money collected from Delian League, mutual defense fund of Athenian
city-states for use against the Persians.
What were extremely important values in Greek architecture?
Symmetry, balance and proportion
How did the Greeks make buildings appear more balanced, symmetrical, straight?
Greeks employed architectural illusions to make buildings appear more balanced,
symmetrical, straight
What Does Entasis mean? Why did the Greeks use this method?
It is the practice of curving columns outward so they would appear more straight.
What did Classical Doric Architecture want to show in its design?
Austerity, Balance, Grace
What were the components of a Stepped Platform?
the Stereobate (the lower steps) and the Stylobate (third step where columns rested)
What did the columns of greek architecture consist of?
the Shaft (with vertical grooves called fluting) and Capital (“flaring, cushion-like
echinus; square tablet abacus)
Define Entablature
Everything that rests on columns
Define Architrave
series of stone blocks resting on columns
What are Frieze?
bands of designs and figures
What are the two types of Frieze?
metopes - with blank squares and triglyphs - with vertical lines
Define Cornice
projecting beyond frieze; horizontal on sides; forming pediments at either end
Define Pediments
triangles formed by cornices on facades.
What was the Cella?
Enclosed Interior of Temple where status of god was housed
What did the Cella contain?
contained gigantic statue of Athena by Phidias made of gold and ivory and exterior surrounded
by Ionic frieze depicting Athenians in Process
The Parthenon Frieze
Athens Parthenon powerpoint, side 18
Describe the Archiac Age of Greece
Greek culture begins to emerge, Doric temples are being made,
define Kouros
Achaic age nude male sculpture
Define Kore
Achaic age clothed female statue
Achaic Age Sculpture
Depicted young men and women, new emphasis on the beauty of human body, Made of marble (most
typical), limestone, wood, bronze, terracotta
What was the difference between Egyptian sculptures and early greek statues?
Greater attempt to represent human body accurately and in the round, e.g. knees. Statues are
freestanding, no backslabs
What does Contrapposto (counterpoise) mean?
a posture that places the body's weight on one leg and uses the other leg as a support
What did the High classical style of Greek sculpting try to do?
Attempted to represent motion Attempted to represent ideal beauty
What did Hellenistic Sculpture incorporate?
Melodrama & Motion
Define Karma
the law of cause and effect; the idea that every action produces a karmic effect, either
positive or negative
Define bodhisattva
one who has achieved Buddhahood but has decided to remain and assist others to attain it.
Describe the T’ang Dynasty
centralization of Chinese State. Political Stability, Prosperity Flourishing of culture,
the arts, learning, technology
How did Buddhism affect the T'ang Dynasty?
Buddhism strongly associated with Centralization of power, development of state
bureaucracy capable of governing far flung regions
Describe Buddhist art
strongly associated with Centralization of power
Who was Prince Shotoku?
Considered founder of Japanese Buddhism, Greatly admired for his devotion to Buddhism and
his devotion to learning
What was the purpose of the Occulus in roman architecture?
circular opening at top of dome; symbolic of the sun; open to the sky