Chapter 14

sent via the brain and spinal cord in CNS

sent via cranial and spinal nerves leading to autonomic ganglia (PNS)

sends impulse to trigger motor response

cell body is located in CNS releasing Acetylcholine

cell body is located in autonomic ganglion in PNS releasing Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

preganglionic neurons are short and postganglionic are long

preganglionic neurons are long and postganglionic neurons are short

thoracolumbar division, fight or flight, maintains homeostasis ,and causes body to respond to emotion

where most postganglionic neurons are found

chain extends above thoracic spinal cord

chain extends below lumbar spinal cord

forms white rami communicantes

components of splanchic nerve near abdominpelvic cavity

question

binds to specific protein based receptors

used in excitatory synapses

releases ACh, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

cholinergic

found on sweat glands

found in all postganglionic neuron membranes in synaptic ganglia and adrenal medullae

bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine

found in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, GI tract, kidneys, and arrector pili muscles

found in preganglionic sympathetic neurons of peripheral target cells

causes slowing or cancelation of of action potantial

found in cardiac muscle cells, kidney cells, and adipose

found in smooth muscle of airways (bronchioles), urinary bladder, skeletal muscles fibers, (liver, pancreas, and salivary gland) cells

found in smooth muscle cells of digestive tract

noepinephrine binds to beta 1 raising heart rate and forcing contractions

norepinephrine binds to alpha 1 constricting blood vessels of digestive, urinary, and integumentary system

norepinephrine bonds to beta 2 increasing blood flow of skeletal and cardiac muscles

norepinephrine binds to beta 2 to increase air flow in lungs

norepinephrine binds to beta 2 and 3 making urination and bowel movement hard

norepinephrine binds to beta 2 slowing digestion

norepinephrine binds to alpha 1 causing dilator papillae muscles to contract

norepinephrine binds to beta receptors on blood vessels decreasing salivary secretion

skeletal muscles require higher amounts of ATP

triggers breakdown of lipids

triggers release of glucose from glycogen

triggers release of glucagon increasing blood glucose levels

postganglionic releases ach on to sweat glands

increases sweat secretion

on top of each kidney

acetylcholine is released from preganglionic neurons and binds to ______on adrenal medulla cells

stimulates medullary cells to release epinephrine and norepinephrine

enhances mental awareness

increases blood clotting

causes goose bumps

causes male ejaculation and female orgasm

blocks receptors preventing norepinephrine from binding

mimics effects of norepinephrine

binds to alpha 1 receptors of smooth muscles cells in blood vessels

blocks norepinephrine lowering blood pressure

bind to presynaptic alpha 2 receptors treating hypertension and opiate withdrawal

bind to beta 1 decreasing heart rate and contractions

binds to beta 2 on bronchioles used to treat asthma

preganglionic cell body is found in cranial nerves and sacral region (craniosacral division

innervates the structures of head and neck

innervates structures of pelvic cavity

innervates thoracic and abdominal viscera, cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexus

synapses with ciliary ganglia

house sensory neurons, facial nerves synapse on postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

synapses with postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in otic ganglia

innervates large intestine, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

in , membranes of all postganglionic neurons

in membranes of all parasympathetic targets cells , cholinergic

decreases heart rate and blood pressure

oculomotor, ciliary ganglion and sphincter papillae muscle reducing light allowed in eye

oculormotor nr=erve and contraction of ciliary muscle changing lens to rounder shape

reduces air flow through bronchioles

promotes urination and defecation causing relaxation of urinary and digestive sphincter

engorgement of penis and clitoris

causes tear formationfrom lacrimal glands and mucus production from glands in nasal mucosa

increase production of saliva from salivary glands

for glucose replenishment storage

blocks relaxation that PSNS has on urinary sphincter making urination hard

blocks PSNS effect of digestive tract causing food to move slowly

decrease PSNS;s stimulation of saliva

constant amount of activity from each division

dominates in blood vessels

dominates in heart , maintains heart rate at 72 bpm

controlled by hypothalamus and brainstem reticular formation

reticular formation that contacts hypothalamus controlling preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

survival

restores resting conditions