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Biochemistry Vocab
Kaitlyn Hickmann, Day 2, Per 4
39 cards·by polkastripe13
biochemistryvocab
Endergonic
Energy must be added
reaction
when old bonds are broken, new bonds are formed, new substances with new properties formed,
reactants and products
reactants
occur in a chemical reaction
products
new substances with new properties formed from a chemical reaction
exergonic
releases energy
metabolism
breaking down digested food
activation energy
makes reactions begin, can start endergonic or exergonic reactions
catalysts
speed up reactions
inhibitors
slow down reactions
enzymes
are catalysts, proteins, designed to catalyze one reaction over and over
substrates
reactants catalyzed by enzymes
active site
where the substrate fits!
pH
percent hydrogen, food digestion - stomach acid
polymerization
how macromolecules are formed
monomers
joined together form polymers
polymers
monomers joined together
macromolecules
large molecules in living cells
carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, main source of energy, plant structure, sugars- many different
ones
monosaccharides
single sugar molecules: glucose, glactose, fructose
glucose
breaks down, releases energy
polysaccharides
multiple monosaccharide macromolecules
glycogen
animal starch
cellulose
another polysaccharide
diaccharide
sucrose, glucose, and fructose
lipids
fats, oils, waxes - carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
saturated
no double carbon bonds
unsaturated
at least one double carbon bond
polyunsaturated
multiple double carbon bonds
nucleic acids
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous
nucleotides
monomers that make up nucleic acids
nitrogenous
has nitrogen, base needed for nucleotides
genetic
information about things; RNA, DNA
RNA
ribonucleic acid (from ribose)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid (from deoxyribose)
proteins
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
amino acids
type of protein
amino group
made of amino acids
carboxyl group
make up amino acids
transport
function of a protein