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Botany quiz
Land management & Grassland Biome
87 cards·by browncl4
What are the major agencies responsible for land management?
National Park service, Forest service, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife service
and military
In land management what are the three focused points?
National Park service, Forest service, & Bureau of Land Management
What was the first national park in U.S. and world in 1872 by Pres. Grant?
Yellowstone
What was the early exploration in Yellowstone?
tall tales
Yellowstone was explored by the gov't in 1870 to _________.
confirm stories to be true
Around the camp fire as people found out the confirmed stories they decided to
recommend________.
preservation from commerical exploitation
What was the concept of national park?
(area to be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations) may be the only uniquely
American contribution to world culture
In national parks ________in # began in 1890.
rapid expansion
Rapid expansion in National Parks was inspired by______ like John Muir, ________ and______.
protectionists, scentists, and railroads
Who was the president in 1890?
Harrison
U.S. today have ____units, incl.> ____ National Parks>___ million acres.
400, 50 and 84
National parks include ______,______,______,______ etc.
National Monuments, N. Historic Sites, N. Lakeshores, N. Seashores
How are the national parks we go to visit held together in the world today, there are 10,000?
by UN's def.
National park service was founded in 1916 by _____.
Woodrow Wilson
In the National Park Service what were the 2 objectives mandated by law?
preserve landscapes and promote public use
What do you have to do to preserve landscapes?
no logging, grazing, hunting, mining, etc.
There use to be no problems with preserving landscapes and promoting public use but since
1950, # of visitors has inc. from ___ to ________.
40, > 270 million objectives are often in conflict
What is an example of how we preserve, yet allow heavy usage?
ex: Grand Canyon (6500 cars & 2400 parking spots) build more parking spaces?
What are the major concerns of the environmentalists in the National Park Service?
how the NPS resolves the conflict btwn objectives environmental problems orginating
outside Natl. Parks
What would be and example of the environmentalists major concerns?
air pollution effects
What is the major concern of anti-environmentalists in NPS?
lock up resources
What are the examples of anti-environmentalists major concern?
timber in Redwood NP, as in Mad River
What is the Forest Service?
National Forests- USDA
National forests are the 1st ______ in 1891 by ( _______.)
forest reserve, Benjamin Harrison
National Forrest is not a ___.
preserve
National Forests had _______ under T. Roosevelt.
rapid expansion
Rapid expansion in National Forrests was estab. in response to __________.
on-going destruction of forests
In rapid expansion T. Roosevelt set aside 3/4ths of current _______.
NF land
He also set aside 1/2 sites of _____(about 175 sites) and mostly______ but some N.
Grasslandsbut more land area than_____.
NPS and N. forests and NPS
____ is 193 million acres and was established in 1905.
Forest Service
_______'s 1st head was Gifford Pinchot (Muir never in NPS)
Federal Service
What was the developed policies of FS?
(wise use) manages NFs (and N. Grasslands) under the Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act
The developed policies of FS require what?
use of land for a variety of purposes and sustained yield (of renewable resources)
Use of land for a variety of purposes in FS include?
logging, mining, grazing, recreation, watershed protection, wildlife management, etc.
Use of land for a variety of purposes is a difficult task b/c of _________.
some uses are conflicting
In use of land for variety of purposes the conflicts are resolved by______.
USFS
In use of land for variety of purposes the resource removal is not done by _____, but contracts
are bid on by private companies.
USFS
In sustained yield (of renewable resources), the resources would include?
timber
The first concern of envrionmentalists in FS is that despite multiple use requirement,
historically focus has been on ____, esp. _____.
logging, clear cutting
The second concern of envrionmentalists in FS is that use is too intense, so does not achieve
_____ as known as a _____.
sustained yield and agruement about statistics
The major concern of anti-environmentalists in Forest Service is too much _____ and _____.
land and regulation on that land
_____ was established in 1946.
Bureau of Land Management
______ is responsible for even more land than the USFS and NPS combined.
Bureau of Land Management
______ contains >258 million surface acres.
Bureau of Land Management
_____ contains >700 sub-surface acres.
Bureau of Land Management
_______ contains 13% of total US area.
Bureau of Land Management
____contains 40% of all land managed by the feds.
Bureau of Land Management
In Bureau Land Management much non-forested land used for ________.
live stock grazing
In Bureau Land Management, it's modeled more after _____ than NPS.
USFS
Bureau of Land Management is modeled to _____.
mutiple use and sustain yield
Bureau of Land Management is modeled to also_____.
resource removal by contract w/ private companies
The first concern of envrionmentalists in Bureau of Land Management is that_____.
budget and staff are too small for adequate management
The second concern of envrionmentalists in Bureau of Land Management is that ____.
sustained yield may not be achieved (b/c overgrazing)
The third concern of environmentalists in the Bureau of Land Management is that______.
resources often sold at low prices (subsidy)
What the three main types of grasslands?
tall,mixed and short grasslands of Great Plains
The environment of all the grasslands are ____.
relatively flat and in climate there is continental temp and precip extremes throughout the
year
The climate of the grasslands has ____ precipitation and most of the rainfall is during the
growing season (120-200 days).
low
What are the variations of climate in the grasslands?
E to W: dec in precip. and S to N: dec in temp. & growing season
What types of soil is there in the Grasslands?
E->Tall grass Prarie best soil, worst as you go west
For distribances in the grasslands there are _____.
fires, which has been very important in past
Fires in grasslands have been started from what?
lightning strikes
When lightning strikes Americans do what?
intentionally set the fire to burn fast and relatively cool- soil temp. < 100 degrees C
What is the vegetation structure for grasslands?
2-3 herbs, tall grasses, medium grasses and surface layer then root layer
The root layer in grasslands are ____.
tap roots
What are the growth forms in grassland vegetation?
mostly perennials w/ majority of biomass below ground
The Tall Grass Prairie is located in the _____.
east
_______ is 6-8' tall in the late summer.
Tall Grass Prarie
What is primarily dominant in the Tall grass Prairie?
Tall Blue Stem
What is the human impact of the Tall Grass Prairie?
converted to aggricultural land
____ is located in the centeral part.
Mixed Grass Prairie
What are the dominant species in the mixed grass prairie?
little blue stem
What is the human impact of the Mixed Grass Prairie?
aggricultural land?
____is known as sob grass.
mixed grass
What are the three main layers of tall grass prairie?
Tall Big Blue Stem, forbes-herbious layer and surface layer
Where is the short grass located?
west
What is the short grass dominant species?
buffalo grass and grama grass
What is the human impact of the Short Grass Prairie?
Grazing and strip mining b/c of minerals
What are the Grassland species adaptations?
whole plant, below ground and above ground
Below the ground of grasslands there are root zonations, ________, fire and _______.
gatherign water and animals eating them
In grasslands there are ____ tap roots.
very deep
Above the ground of grasslands there are what?
background on leaf energetics (major points only) Dissipation of heat
What are the common mammals in grasslands?
buffalo, coyote, etc.
Dust Bowl centered in ______ and_________ prairies.
southern Mixed and Short grass
What was the Dust Bowl caused by?
overgrazing
______ is where cattle are selctive they eat more palatable species
Overgrazing
The Dust Bowl is also caused by____ and ____in 1933-1940.
plowing of land marginal for aggriculture and persistent drought
What are the effects of the dust Bowl?
people were hungry, thirsty, dirty and homeless