Nervous System chapter 10

Receiving stumili=_____function

Reacting to stimuli=_____function

In the_____ there are sensory receptors, which gather info., which is carried to the ____.

_____is where the info. is used to create: Sensations, Memory, Thoughts and Decisions

What are five other senses?

What are the effectors used in NS?

What is kinesthesia?

____ is the sense of motion, weight or position of walking body as muscles tendons go & joints move.

How do we divide the NS?

What is the CNS divided into?

What is the CNS exactly?

What are the divsions of the PNS?

____Division is afferent.

_____picks up sensory info. and delievers it to the CNS.

____are visions of PNS.

_____division transmits information from periphery to the CNS.

_____division contains receptors.

_____divsion is in the brain.

Motor Divisions are divided into what two divsions?

______is involuntary.

_____carries information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

What are the two things in Autonomic motor?

_____ means to "speed up."

Somatic and Autonomic motors work together to fine tune control to maintain ______.

When the pupils dilate that would be an example of what?

What are the two types of neural cell types?

_____ are also known as neuroglia, glia and glial.

Astrocytes, Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes and Microglial are ____ and _____.

Neural cell types are expected to be seen in the _____.

Different neural cell types ___ and ___ and____.

____ means glue holds nerve cells together.

In neural cell types there's more ____than_____.

_____ are the most abundant CNS neuroglia.

Main Blood-Brain Barrier, Create 3-D framework for CNS, Repair damaged neural tissue, Guide neuron development are 4 of__'s functions.

What are Acrocytes 5th main function?

____ are defensive cells in the CNS.

What are microglial cells' main function?

What is phagocytosis?

____have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers.

What are the two neuroglial cells of PNS?

____are similar in function to Astrocytes in CNS.

_____surround cells bodies of neurons in PNS.

In describing the NS ___vary in size and shape.

_____may differ in length and size of their axons and dendrites.

In describing cells of the NS dendrites conduct impulses _____.

_____ means into cell body, virus upstream that effects NS.

In decribing cells of the NS_____means soma, which synthesize nerve cell products.

What are the products the cell body synthesizes?

The products of the cell body make up ______.

in describing cells of the NS the cell body has ______, which play a role in protein synthesis.

White matter contains _____ axons.

PNS-_____ produce myelin.

What is the process at which impulses are transmitted down an axon,they insulate section of axon and > rate of impulses down the axon?

In classifying neuron and neuroglia, ____vary in size, shape and in function based on form.

___ can be sensory, motor, or integrative neurons.

Neurons vary in size and shape, and in the # of ____and _____ that they may have.

Due to ____ difference, neurons can be classified into 3 major groups:

____ are two processes, received by dendrites.

In structural differences_____are located in eyes, ears and nose

In structural differences _____ have 99% of neurons, many processes and have most of theneurons of the CNS

____neuronsare afferent, carry impulse to CNS, most are unipolar and some are bipolar.

____link neurons together,route traffic are multipolar and located in CNS.

Satellite cells______of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)

____is involved in injury repair.

_____is involved with scar tissue, mopping up excess ions and connecting neurons to blood vessels.

Also____induce synapse formation and have many functions.

During regeneration of a nerve axon, they grow at a rate of ___mm per day

During regeneration of a nerve axon ____repair likely, may form neuroma if gap is too large and is involved in Morton's neuroma.

What is neuroma?

During ____ nerve impulses pass from neuron at synapses moving from a pre-synaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron.

During____the nerves do not touch but use a transmitter to rely an impulse.

During synaptic transmission _____are released when impulse reaches synaptic knob.

Neurons in the brain or spinal cord synthesize _____.

These neuropeptides act as ______.

Enkephalins, Beta endorphin and Substance P are examples of ______.

Beta endorphin's analgesic-binds to opioid ____.

In cell membrane potential a cell membrane is usually ____or polarized so that the inside of the membrane is ____with respect to the ouside.

In distribution of ions potassium K+ ions are the major______positive ions(cations).

The distirbution of ions is largely maintained by the ______.

In distributing ions active transports ____out of the cell and 2 ____into the cell.

70% of ____used by NS, moving ions in and out.

____is an anion.

In_____there's a -70mV difference from inside to outside of the cell.

In ____it is polarized and inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside of the cell.

_____Potential is due to distribution of ions inside vs. outside.

During Resting Potential the Na+/ K+ is _____.

Local Potential Changes are caused by various stimuli:

_____environmental changes affect the membrane potential by opening a gated ion channel.

In Local Potential Channels, channels are ______,______, or ______.

In Local Potential Changes if membrane potential becomes more negative then resting potential, it has ______.

______are graded (or proportional) to intensity of stimulation reaching treshold potential.

In Local Potential Channels reaching treshold potential results in a nerve impulse, starting an _____.

During action potentials, at rest the membrane is polarized(___=70mV), then there's enough stumilus to reach____,which is reached at (-55mV)

After treshold____open and membrane depolarizes(toward 0) then ___leaves cytoplasm andmembrane repolarizes (+30).

After repolarization there's a brief period of _____(-90).

During the All or None Reponse if a neuron responds at all, it responds _____.

During the ___a nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of treshold intensity or above is applied to an axon.

During the All or None Reponse all impulses carried on an axon are ____.

What are the 2 types of Refractory Periods?

____is time when treshold does not start another action potential.

____ is a period of time when nothing happens, relatively short period of time.

_____ is where it either causes a response or doesn't cause a response, if it causes a response we get an even amount, straight on impulses.

During Impulse Conduction myelinated axons have _____transmission speeds.

During Impulse Conduction there are _____, which are gaps btwn bundles of myelination.

Action potential in impulse conduction appear to occur at these points-_____, which isjumping or hopping down an axon.

During_____larger diameter equal faster transmission, which is generally sensory, position & balance to be fast as possible

120 m/s versus 0.5 m/s is an example of _____.

__is where released neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and react with specific molecules called__in the postsynaptic neuron membrane

In _____effects of neurotransmitters vary.

In_____some neurontransmitters may open ion channels and others may close ion channels.

ESPS___channels.

____generally move down to cause an incease in calcium.

EPSP means____.

____ is graded, Na+ ions diffuse inwards, and depolarizes membrane of postsynaptic neuron.

Also___'s action potential of postsynaptic neuron become more likely.

EPSP and IPSPs are added together in a process called ____.

More EPSPs lead to____ of an action potential.

In impulse processing____have interneurons, work together to perform a common function and may excite of inhibit.

In impulse processing____has a branching axon and stimulation of many neurons ultimately (motor unit).

Breathing diaphragm is____.

____ are groups of interneurons that make synaptic connections with each other.

____work together to perform a common function.

Each_____receives input from other neurons.

In___1 neuron sends impulses to several neurons.

____can amplify an impulse.

In ____ the impulse from a single neuron in CNS may be amplified to activate enough motor units needed for muscle contraction.