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bio 1 chapter 7 vocab!
38 cards·by 17gilmorea
a fundamental theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, that cells are the
basic units of structure and function in livin
cell theory
a large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of
DNA
nucleus
cells that contain nuclei
eukaryotes
cells that do not contain nuclei
prokaryotes
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic
cell.
organelles
material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus.
cytoplasm
layer of two membranes that surround the nucleus of cell.
nuclear envolope
granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around
proteins
chromatin
thread like structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed
from one generation of cells to the next.
chromosomes
a small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins
nucleolus
small particles of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm
ribosomes
an internal membrane system which is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are
assembled along with proteins and other materi
endoplasmic reticulum
an organelle whose function is to modify sort and package proteins and othermaterials from
the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell
golgi apparatus
small organelles filled with enzymes to digest or breakdown lipids carbs proteins and other
organelles that have outlived their usefulness i
lysosomes
store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
vacuoles
organelles that convert the chemicals stored in food into compounds that are more convenient
for the cell to use
mitochondria
organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process
called photosynthesis
chloroplasts
a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape
cytoskeleton
located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
centrioles
thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell
cell membrane
strong supportive layer around the membrane
cell wall
double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
lipid bilayer
the mass of the solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume
concentration
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area
where they are less concentrated
diffusion
when the concentration of solute is the same throughout
equilibrium
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
isotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
hypotonic
movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
facilitated diffusion
energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
active transport
the process of taking materials into a cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the
cellmembrane
endocytosis
extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a cell vacuole
phagocytosis
a process that many cells take up liquid from the surrounding area
pinocytosis
the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing
contents out of the cell
exocytosis
cells throughout organisms that develop in different ways to perform different tasks
cell specialization
a group of similar cells that perform a particular functions
tissue
many groups of tissues that work together
organ