Neuroscience History Flashcards

150-210 AD; Roman, gladiators and animal dissections; cerebra and cerebellum; brain center of mind

blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile

1500s; cast ventricles to find where ox eyes activated moving fluids

1500s; anatomy of human brain with details of ventricles

1600s; described circulation through arteries, veins, capillaries to heart

1600s; fluid dynamic model; fluid movement through eye, nerves, pineal gland to explain reflexes; mind-body dualism; pineal gland= valve

1800s; twitches after electrical stimulation to elect animal electricity

1830s; AP due to electricity in nerve and muscle; blocked nerve using electrical conductors and measured conduction velocity "AP"

1811; stimulated spinal cord/roots; dorsal rots sensory incoming info vs. ventral roots; cut out ventral=muscle paralysis; CNS moves by elec

1820s; lesions of cerebrum/cerebellum of birds; motor functions

1870-1920; motor cortex stimulation map

human speech areas; 1860s-1900

1848; conduction velocity slower than conduction of electricity; color vision 3 receptors; hearing due to resonant vibrations of cochlea

1870-1930; synapse as functional connection b/w spinal neurons; mapped spinal reflexes; synapses inhib/excit

1880-1930; improved Golgi's method of staining neurons; synaptic structure at boutons axon terminals; neuron doctrine; diagram of brains

1920; compound action potential in nerve; peaks resolved with oscilloscope

1880-1930; proposed all higher learning explained by changing neural circuits in cerebral cortex

1920-1930s; single axon action potential

1950s; ionic mechanisms, Na and K currents

1950s; synapses, Ca

1950-90; single neurons in brain (sensory cortex)

1920-40; Loewi Ach in heart; Dale Ach and NE in many organs

1940-60; Eccles Ach in spinal cord

1970s; Hillarp and Fuxe; dopamine, NE, epinephrine

1960-80; Hillarp/Carlsson; NE, dopamine, serotonin

endogenous opiates, 1980

1990; NO and CO

1950s; observe synapses

1970-2000; Neher/Sakmann; single channels

Kandel, Aplysia

1950s, Wald; vision

Axelrod, 1970s

Greengard

1920-30, Berger/Adrian

1954; Aserinsley and Kleitman

Milner Pensfield, 1950s

Hounsfield, Sokoloff, 1970-present