Sociology

increasingly fluid global flows and the structures that expedite and impede those flows

process by which people obtain & utilize goods and services

interplay of machines, tools, skills, and procedures

when technology comes between you and other people (internet & cell phone)

unique perspective that gives sociologists a distinctive way of looking at data or reflecting on the world around them

small scale; individuals thoughts & actions

large-scale; groups, organizations, cultures, etc

the power of the individual; includes intelligence & creativity

the big picture compared to agency

idea that people have ability to disrupt structures because of their creative nature & power

enduring & recular social arrangements (family & state)

the dynamic and ever-changing aspects of the social world

addresses a large range of audiences (local, national, and global groups)

process by which the rational principles of fast-food restaurants are coming to dominate more sectors of society

approach that argues that people at the micro end create social reality through their thoughts and actions

theorist; invented term 'sociology'

theorist; first woman-center sociologist

theorist; evolution in intellectual and social domains

Classical theorist; creator of communism. Macro theorist who focused on structure of capitalism.

Classical theorist; authored 'The Protestant Ethic & the Spirit of Capitalism' which linked religion to economic practices

Classical theorist; thought that social facts were the most important part of sociology. Wrote 'Suicide'.

social interaction (diads & triads)

race study

conspicuous consumption

examines both social structures & their functions

focused soley on structure & the social impact

assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict/tension between cmopeting groups

focuses on the falseness (16 & Prego) and the repressiveness (male superheroes) of culture

theory that studies the social situation of women

theory that there are no fixed & stable identities that determine who we are; focuses on relationship b/w homo &hetero

1) Uncover questions 2) review literature 3) develop hypothesis 4) choose research method 5) collect data 6) analyze data

Examples: observation & open ended q

Examples: surveys & experiments. Describe statistics that are used to compare trends.

the use of languages and other symbols to communicate or convey ideas

open, stated, conscious functions that involve intended recognized consequences of an aspect of society

unconscious/unintentional functions that may reflect hidden purposes

can be observed

focus on what people do vs. what they think; regard peoples lives as practical accomplishments

interested in behavior & rewards/costs associated with it; rational profit

people act intentionally in order to achieve basic goals

focuses on the big picture

connect individual to the broader structure

state of society beyond modern era; world is nonrational & characterized by ecclecticism (Gaga)

involves watching, listening to, & recording what takes place in normal setting

researcher plays a role in the group/setting being observed

researcher plays little or no role in group

info sought from participants who are asked questions

used when researcher wants to avoid unanticipated reactions/responses from subjects

comprised of open ended questions; goal is to provide respondants to provide understanding to q's they're answering

questionnaires that are self-administered

involves manipulation of 1 or more characteristics of independent variables to examine effect of manipulation

research method that refers to collected data that has been reanalyzed by others

degree to which ou are measuring what you intend to measure

refers to the stability of measurements (consistancy)

refers to necessary balance between potential knowledge & potential harm when conducting a study

broadest element of culture; general & abstract standards defining what a group considers good

informal rules

encompasses all of the artifacts that are reflections or manifestations of culture (clothes we wear)

aspects of culture that exist in nonmaterial forms (values and norms and languages)

what the norms of society lead us to believe

what people actually think and do in everyday life

set of shared beliefs that explains the social world and guides people's actions

group within a culture that involves groups of people who accept much of dominant culture but are set apart by 1+ significant characteristic

group whose norms & values are incompatible with those of the dominant culture

conflict pitting subculture/counterculture against dominant culture (liberals vs. conservatives)

environment in which cultural differences are accepted and appreciated (based on race, language, age, etc)

integrating the minority group into the mainstream

the belief that norms, values, traditions, and material and symbolic aspects of one's own culture are better than other cultures

idea that aspects of culture such as norms and values need to be understood within the context of a person's own culture

social elites

culture that is associated with the masses; standardized product of massive corporations & lacking aesthetic qualities

the imposition of one dominant culture on other cultures

culture in which the core ideas and material objects relate to consumption and in which consumption is primary meaning to life

the idea that the internet has a culture of its own

idea by Cooley; we as humans deveop a self-image that reflects how others respond to us

ability to take oneself as an object (looking at yourself as others look at you)

stage in which young children mimic their parents' words/actions

ability to take multiple roles simultaneously

one's ability to internalize the attitudes of an entire community

the part of you that is rational and exerts social control over "I"

idea by Goffman; individual's social life as a series of dramatic performances akin to those that are in the theater

refers to the lengths a person will go to maintain a projected image to others

situations in which you project a partially false impression of yourself

situations in which you are completely comfortable and do not feel you need to hide anything

the process by which an individual learns and generally comes to accept the ways of a group orsociety of which he is a part

the people who do the socializing; most effective is parents role in children's lives

to unlearn old behaviors and replace with new ones

a closed all-encompassing place of residence and work set off from the rest of society that meets all of the needs of those enclosed in it

the lower person in the relationship in which one person is of a higher level than the other, but both have somefreedoms

the higher person in the relationship

people who engage in interaction with others expect to give and receive rewards of roughly equal value

position within a social system that is occupied by people

what is expected of a person who occupies a given status

the conflicting expectations associated with a given position or multiple positions

small, close knit groups that have intimate face-to-face interaction

large and impersonal groups whose members are weakly tied to each other