Pathophysiology chap 3

35 cards·by kayleeallen27

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natural response to any changes or condition affecting the body to escape and protect from injury

cellular adaptation

stress placed on cells due to lack of oxygen

ischemia

cells have been damaged but reversible

injury

cells are no longer able to adapt to the stressful environment and change is irreversible

death (infarction)

what are the types of cellular adaptation

atrophy(physiologic, pathologic, and disuse), hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia

decrease in cell size

atrophy

hypertrophy

increase in cell size because of continued increased demand workload of tissues

increase in cell number (scar formation, growth of liver cells)

hyperplasia

abundant growth of reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type. if continued the cells will become dyspl

metaplasia

deranged cellular growth, abnormal changes in size shape and organization. not a true cellular adaptation

dysplasia

inability to compensate or maintain homeostasis due to continued injurious stimuli

cellular injury

cause of cellular injury

infection, inflammatory factors, chemical/mechanical, hypoxia, free radicals, genetics, nutrition

is injury reversible

depends on the pathway of the injury

what does the amount of injury depend on

type, state, adaptive processes, severity, ad duration of exposure to stimuli

cells have severe swelling and its organelles are damaged causing cell death

necrosis

what is reperfusion injury

too much oxygen

what can cause free radicals

oxidative stress due to reperfusion injury

what makes a free radical highly unstable

unpaired electron

what are the manifestations of cellular injury

water, lipids and carbs, glycogen, proteins, pigments, calcium, urate

abnormal infiltrations occur in what type of cells

normal or injured cells

without oxygen the production of what decreases

production of atp decreases without oxygen

what ocurs when water is able to cross the cell membrane when the sodium calcium and sodium potassium pumps fail

cellular swelling

what does water follow

fat and glucose

what is the most abundant electrolyte in our body

sodium

what are the 5 types of necrosis

coagulative, liequefactive, caseous, fat, and gangrenous

what are the two types of cell death

necrosis and apoptosis

dead cells congeal

coagulative necrosis

what does coagulative necrosis affect

kidneys, hear, and adrenal glands

necrosis associated with absesses, ischemic injury to neurons and glial cells of the brain

liquefactive

disintegrated and encased necrosis, combination of coagulative and liquefactive where the debris is not completely resolved

caseous necrosis

the result of continued insult (anoxia) leading to cellular dissolution (death) after all cell changes and self digestion have occured

necrosis

what does fat necrosis affect

breasts, pancreas, and other abdominal organs

death of tissue from severe hypoxic injury (necrosis type)

gangrenous necrosis

what is an example of apoptosis

epidermal cells frequently shedding and replacement

necrosis is ______ while apoptosis is ______

pathological; programmedd