Understanding Human Anatomy

provides structural support for the entire body; individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues

the calcium salts of bone represent a valuable mineral reserve that maintains normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the bod

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the red marrow, which fills the internal cavities of many bones

delicate tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements; the ribs protect the heart and lungs, the skull encloses the brain...

many bones of the skeleton function as levers; they can change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles

consisting of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs

consisting of the bones of the limbs and the associated bones that connect the limbs to the trunk at the shoulders and pelvis

bone; one of the supporting connective tissues

mature bone cells

small chambers occupied by osteocytes; sandwiched between layers of calcified matrix

matrix layers

channels that radiate through the lamellae matrix from lacuna to lacuna and toward free surfaces and adjacent blood vessels

a material that becomes mineralized through a complicated, multistep mechanism

the production of new bone produced by osteoblasts; gennan - to produce

small numbers of flattened or squamous-shaped stem cells contained in bone tissue; progenitor - ancestor

stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix

immature bone cell that secretes organic components of matrix

mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

large, multinucleate cells found at sites where bone is being removed

erosion process that increases the calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids

relatively dense and solid

forms an open network of struts and plates

contains bone marrow and the stem cells that produce them (red marrow)