NURS: Toddler

45 cards·by cocostudies

Study this deck

What remains abdominal but becomes slower

Respirations

This decreases with toddler's physical growth

Pulse rate

This increases with toddler's physical growth

blood pressure

How does the brain and spine physically grow with the toddler?

Brain develops to 90% of adult size and myelination of the spinal cord is completed

What becomes physically possible to control for the toddler?

Bladder and bowel control

What sort of infections decrease or increase with toddler growth

GI and respiratory infections decrease, while ear infections remain common

What happens to the individual immune system?

It matures

How many pounds does a toddler gain?

5-10 pounds

What kind of tissue diminishes?

subcutaneous

What else decreases with the toddler?

appetite

What happens by 2 years of age?

Birth height is doubled

What happens to the head circumference for a toddler?

Growth of head circumference diminishes during the toddler period, reaching 4/5s of adult size

What is the chest circumference?

It increases and becomes greater than head circumference

What happens to the abdomen of a toddler?

A prominent or protruding abdomen is common and normal

What happens to the spine?

A forward curve of the spine at the sacral area (lordosis) is common

How does a toddler walk?

With a wide stance

How many teeth does a toddler have?

During the 2nd year, 8 new teeth erupt and all 20 teeth are generally present by 3 years of age

What development crisis does the toddler endure?

Learning a sense of autonomy or independence vs shame or doubt

What predominates cognitive development for the toddler?

Preoperational thought

What does operation mean?

Reason

What does preparational mean?

pre reason

What is a toddler unable to do cognitively?

reason

How is language development fostered for a toddler?

By conversing and reading with the child, naming objects, simple and brief answers to questions, and talking

What timeframe do milestones start?

15 months

Briefly list what milestones occur at 15 months

Can walk/sit alone, can stack blocks/put small pieces in small bottles/hold spoon and cup/scribble, experiments w/ permanence

Briefly list more milestones at 15 months

Reassured by parents voice, vocalizes some intelligible words, anxious to interact (but resists being cuddled), plays w/toys,requires safety

List milestones at 18 months

Run/jump/walk stairs with assistance, uses spoon better, knows 20 words, plays next to other kids (not w/ them), enjoys toys that "do" stuff

List 18 months milestones

Easily climbs, safety imperative to prevent accidents

Milestones at 2 years

walks up/down stairs alone, turn doorknobs/unscrew lids/cloth self, knows 30 words n can put together, more parallel play, imitates adults

Milestones at 2 years (cont)

safety measures remain imperative

Milestones at 2 1/2

jumps from stuff, write lines or crosses with pencil, problem solving starts, assimilation, knows name n some colors, notices sex difference

Milesones at 2 1/2 (cont)

pre operational thought, continues parallel play, play is active n physical (toys used less than imitation play), safety precautions remain

Hygiene for toddler

bathing is relaxing and enjoyable (must be supervised), self-brushing of teeth once a day, flossing with assistance, dentist visit by 2

Dressing for toddler

some assistance but allow child to dress self, comfortable easy to put on clothes, firm shoes(but no rigid arch support, prevents growth)

Sleep for toddler

need for sleep declines (12 hours per night and 1 nap), bedtime ritual common, resists sleep

Eating

high protein/low carb snacks encouraged to help growth and prevent dental carries, toddler has a decreased appetite and is picky

Exercise

toddler's need for active play/fresh air/sunshine is needed

Normal behavioral problems for toddler

dawdling, ritualistic behavior, negativism, temper tantrums, and separation anxiety

Toilet training for toddler depends on

physiological growth, psychological growth, ability to hold urine and stool

Health problems

Toddler has few health problems except for frequent (10-12 per year) upper respiratory tract infections.

Common fears for toddler

separation anxiety (protest, despair, detachment), interruption of routines, physical restriction/threats to indep., separation

What is a complex achievement for a toddler

Language development

Appropriate toys for toddlers

stacking toys, put-in ad take-out toys, toys that move, toys that allow children to imitate their parents (i.e., cooking, utensils, broom)

Appropriate play environment

Where child can play without fear of damaging anything and that simulates parents' work area (play kitchen)

Age appropriate chores

make bed, pick up toys and books, put laundry in hamper, help wipe messes, dust (with socks on hands)