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Psychology Chapter 8
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A manual-visual language developed within the American deaf community that is distinct from
oral-auditory languages.
American Sign Language
According to B.F. Skinner, language is learned like other behaviors through imitation,
association, and reinforcement.
STATEMENT
What are 3 characteristics, Psychologists are especially interested in of an infants
language?
1. Telegraphic Speed 2. Sting words together to convey meaning in sequence for language 3.
Children often overgeneralize grammatical rules.
By the age of 18 months, the average toddler uses as many as 50 words.
STATEMENT
Parents are usually the child's primary caregivers. It is not surprising that the child's
first words are usually "mama" or "dada".
STATEMENT
Toddlers who hear English at home will utter their first word that conveys meaning at about 1
year.
STATEMENT
The organization of words into phrases and sentences; thus, an understanding of word order to
convey ideas.
Syntax
The understand of the rules of what they say.
Language
What people actually say.
Speech
The smallest units of sound understood as part of a language there & approx 200 phonemes of the
world, but each language uses about 20 to 60
Phoneme
Heuristic in which one determines whether a particular instance represents a certain class
or category.
Representativeness Neuristic
A systematic proced guaranteed 2 give correct answer if it involves evaluating all solutions
Algorithm
What are the 3 characteristics of problem solving?
1. The starting point 2. The needed operations 3. The final product.
Educated guesses or rules of thumb for solving problems that are not guaranteed to yield the
correct answer.
Heuristics
A specific example of a particular concept that is readily brought 2 mind; viewed as the most
typical or best exampl of a particular concept
Prototype
Mental categories that share common characteristics
Concepts
Who injected himself with cure-air, a poison that results in paralysis?
Scott Smith
Who proposed that thinking and thought was somehow linked to observatory muscle movement?
John Watson
Manipulation of information in the form of mental images or concepts.
Thinking
The sub field of psychology concerned with the study of higher mental processes such as
thinking, knowing, and deciding.
Cognitive Psychology
Who spent years considering ways to measure intelligence?
Alfred Binet
What are the 3 principles of psychological tests?
1. Reliability 2. Validity 3. Standardization
Degree to which repeated administrations of a psychological tests yield consistent scores.
Reliability
Degree to which a psychological test measures what its developers intended it to measure.
Validity
Procedures for giving psychological tests & collect norms that provide, reference for
interpreting scores.
Standardization