Anatomy Test 4 Nervous Tissue/System

processing and interpreting the sensory input

toward

exit

responding to interpretation by activating muscles or glands

the study of nervous system

brain and spinal cord processing, interpreting, and responding center

remainder of the nervous system consisting of communication links, which connect CNS with muscles glands and sensors etc.

the input system consisting of nerves, which convey informationfrom sensory receptors toward the CNS

the output system, transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs

conveys impulses to skeletal muscle (voluntary system)

motor nerve fibers, which convey information to viscera (organs, cardiac muscles, and glands)

inhibits an organ activity or returns it to normal (normal activty=conserve energy)

nerve cells which are specialized to conduct impulses

the cell body, location of nucleus and most cell organelles

long cellular extension which conducts impulses away from the cell body (usually only one)

shorter cellular extensions which are highly branched and conduct impulses toward the cell body

supportive or protective cells that do not carry impulses. they insulate, nourish, and protect the neurons

star shaped cells which nourish neurons by connecting them with blood vessels

protect nerve cells from infection by phagocytizing microorganisms called cellular debris

cells that form a lining or the cavities (ventricles) within the brain and spinal cord. they secrete cerebrospinal fluid and keep it moving

cells which wrap around central nervous system neurons forming an insulating shealth called myelin sheath

cells that insulate axon/dendrites of the neurons in the peripheral nervous system by wrapping around them creating a many layered myelin sh

conduct impulse from receptors (sensors) to CNS

conduct impulses between sensory and motor neurons

conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles or glands)

neurons that have on axon and many dendrites

neurons that have one axon and one dendrite

neurons that have one extension which branches innto an axon and a dendrite

a cordlike grouping of parallel nerve cells enclosed by connective tissue wrappings

encloses individual cells (neurons)

encloses bundles of neurons (bundle=fascia)

surrounds bundles of fascicles

answer

a neuron not conducting an impulse

the ability of a nerve cell to respond toa stimuli and convert them to nerve impulses

anything which is capable of altering the membrane potential or permeability

a stimulus that is strong enough to initiate an impulse

the spaces between two schwann cells

junction between neurons (between dendrite and axon)

space between neurons

results when impulses from many pre synaptic terminals are all transmitted to one postsynaptic neuron at once

repeated impulses from one pre synaptic terminal in succession to reach treshold stimulation

refers to a sub threshold stimulus that wont start a new impulse but serves to lower the threshold so that a subsequent stimulus will

groupings of myelinated axons

groupings of non myelinated axons, dendrites, and perikaryons

a bundle of axons/dendrites of similar function

a bundle of axon/dendrites outside the CNS

a bundle of axon/dendrites outside the CNS

a collection of cell bodies and dendrites outside CNS

a collection of cell bodies (perikaryons) and dendrites inside the CNS

a rapid predictable, motor response to a stimulus, they are not learned not premeditated and are involuntary

the shortest neural pathway between receptor and effector

recieves a stimulus

transmits afferent impulse to CNS

the processing center, there might be associaton neurons involved depending on whether it is a polysnaptic reflex or a monosynaptic reflex

conducts efferent impulse to effector

body part being stimulated (muscle or gland or organ)

has only 1 synapse, therefore there are no association neurons thus no intergration or control, truly involuntary response

reflex that involves intergration and therefore the potentia of over riding the automatic motor response

the voluntary system in which the effectors are all skeletal muscles, all impulses are exitatory

the involuntary or viscceral division. it contorls smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

flight or fight system

the rest and response system

located near body surface, provide info about external environment

(visceroceptors) monitor internal conditions and located there

monitor ad arefound in skeletal muscle, tendons, ligaments and joints

transduce when they are deformed by touch, vibration, stetching, etc.

temperature change

respond to light energy

respond to presence of chemicals

pain receptors (although over stimulation of any recepter is percieved as pain)

a physician specializing in eye disorders, diagnosis, and treatment

a licensed specialist (not doctor) specialized to examine eyes and prescribe corrective lenses

a technician who fits, despenses and makes corrective lenes

a thin transparent mucous membrane which lines the insidse of the eyelids and covers the ccornea and sclera of the eye

group of structures which manufacture, secrete and drain tears

avascular connective tissue layer of the eye

the "fascia like" though outer layer covering of the eye. maintains shape and protects eye

transparent layer of eye to let light through

brown pigmented layer of eye, serves to absorb light after it passses through the retina

layer of eye that is mostly smooth muscle, it holds and changes the shape of the lens

the smooth muscle valve which controls the amount of light entering the eye by opening/constricting the pupil

entrance to the cochlea

exit from the cochlea\

runs from middle ear to pharynx (throat) this tube is normally flattened and closed but opens to equalize pressure in ear

the spiral shaped tube where sound waves (vibrations) are transduced into neural impulses

increases organ activity in response to some stress