EUH 4465 (Exam 1, Part 1)

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Late 18th and 19th century political concept that centered on autonomy, unity, and identity.

Racist twist of Darwins theory of survival of the fittest. Nationalities became races of their own, Europeans at the top, was not scientific

Political philosophy that espoused maintenance of the status quo. Invoked the glories of the past.

The father of classical conservatism

Managers/professionals; liberalism.

Workers; socialism/Marxism.

Middle and lower- middle classes; small-medium size German businesses.

Form of fascism that draws from and reacts to the political ideologies and economic changes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Symbol of the Nazis; represented the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man; a symbol of good luck associated with the Aryans (India).

Idea that Germany took a special path in its development during the 1800s that resulted in Nazism during the 1900s; no liberal revolution.

King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861; rejected the title of Emperor of the Germans offered by the Frankfurt Parliament (1848 revolution)

the German term for a monarchical empire

politics based upon reality or practical considerations as opposed to ideology

Land owning aristocratic Prussian; Chancellor under Wilhelm I; Unified Germany after three wars; Implemented Universal Healthcare

The last German Emperor (Kaiser) & King of Prussia, ruled the German Empire & the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918

The german parliament

Politics whose goal was to achieve world power

Idea that the ethnic German nation or people (Volk) was superior to others; embraced traditional values and lifestyle.

Ethnic German people’s community.

French aristocrat/novelist. Wrote An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races; was heavy promoter of Social Darwinism; first modern racist

Born in England; anti-Semitic; wrote The Foundations of the 19th Century; believed Nordics/Aryans created everything of significance

German military officer, statesman, and politician who served as the second President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934.

First president of the Weimar Republic.

Paramilitary organization made of conservative former soldiers; were later attracted to the Nazi party.

False notion that the German army was “stabbed in the back” by socialists (SPD and Ebert) and Jews.

AKA the War Guilt Clause, was an article of the Treaty of Versailles; made Germany accept that they caused the war & had to pay reparations

German govt formed after the Revolution (1918); 1919-1933; Led by Social Democrats (SPD), Catholic Center, and German Democrats (DDP)

Army remained answerable only to officer corps; Army was “state within a state”.

Left; "council or Rat"; German Communist Party (KPD). Led by Karl Liebknecht & Rosa Luxembourg. Marxist Revolution in Bavaria (1919)

US loans financed war reparations ; US bank loans financed economic upturn.

German politician who served as Chancellor in 1923; Foreign Minister 1923–1929; won Nobel Peace Prize 1926; helped German economy

Mayor of Vienna; Used anti-Semitism in mass politics; DIDN’T UNDERSTAND RACIAL ANTI-SEMITISM

failed coup attempt by the Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, during 8–9 November 1923

A 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler written in Jail

The Nazi Seizure of Power

Early member of the Nazi Party; was anticapitalist; supported socialists; rival of Hitler; killed in Night of the Long Knives

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Leadership Principle; leadership by one leader (the Fuhrer), with a hierarchy of subordinates & authority; All loyal to the Fuhrer

name given to the regional associations of the Nazi Party

youth organisation of the Nazi Party founded in 1922; was paramilitary; sole youth organization 1933-1945

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Blood and soil

erman general and the second-to-last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic; killed during Night of the Long Knives

German nobleman, General Staff officer & politician; Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–34

German Centre Party politician; served as Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930 to 1932; Hunger Chancellor

Means “coordination"; Refers to the 2 years following the Machtergreifung (seizure of power) during which the Nazis consolidated their power

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allowed the President, under certain circumstances, to take emergency measures without the prior consent of the Reichstag. Emergency Decrees

treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933

Civil Service Law; passed on 7 April 1933

was the first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in Germany, intended to hold political prisoner

high-ranking commander in the SS of Nazi Germany. He commanded the Dachau concentration camp and the SS Division Totenkopf of the Waffen-SS.

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une 30 – July 2, 1934; purge of SA leadership/Hitler's rivals; Rohm, Schleicher, Gregor Strasser, etc

“Strength through Joy”; Division of German Labor Front (DAF); Provided leisure time opportunities for working class & lower-middle class

Nazi politician; known for his role as the Nazi Party's national youth leader & head of Hitler Youth from 1931-1940; gauleiter of Vieanna

German economist, banker, liberal politician, & co-founder of the German Democratic Party. President of the Reichsbank under Weimar Republic

The police/intelligence faction of the SS; was led by Reinhard Heydrich

The secret police; was led by Heinrich Muller

Set racial norms; conducted research into European ethnicities; developed plans for German resettlement (Generalplan Ost)

Head of the SD; was the main architecht of the Holocaust; was assassinated in Prague in 1942.

WWI fighter pilot; head of the Four Year Plan Office; also head of the Luftwaffe.

(RSHA); was led by Reinhard Heydrich; Given job to fight all enemies of the Reich inside & outside of Nazi German; subordinate to Himmler

Provision of the German Criminal Code from 1871 - 1969. It made homosexual acts/beastiality a crime.

Hitler's home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany.

The main architect of Nazi Germany; also the Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production

Daughter of his half sister (his niece). 1st for whom he seems to have had deep feelings. Extremely jealous & controlling of her. Suicide

His GF & later wife. Very loyal. Married him in bunker, committed suicide with Hitler.