final anatomy and physiology

inner, deeper layer( connective tissue) elastin, collagen, lots of blood, sweat glands, nerve endings, hair follicles, papillae

beneath epidermis and dermis, loose, connective tissue(aerolar), mostly adipose,insulates, energy reservoir

stratum basale/stratum corneum/subcutaneous

innermost make keratin as pushed up to replace cytoplasm and nucleus

outer layer all keratin. keranocytosis replace dead cells

rich blood supply

in basal layer, produce melanonin,builds up in epidermis

protect, barrier, vit. d production, sensory, temp reg.

lotion, patch, etc. slowly absorbed

hair bulb buried in dermis, papillae, pilli

connective tissue an blood vessel to nourish hair

smooth muscle, cold, emotions cause muscle to contract, hair to stand up

new cells grow in area above papilla produce keratin and die/2-6 yr life

loss of hair

dense keratind epithelial cells

crescent shaped areao of nail

epithelial-rich in blood supply

hidden, end of nail

o2 deficiency (lung disease)

1st sign of o2 deficiency

liver disease

lung disease, emphysema

anemia

sweat glands

eccrine / appocrine

sweat contaiins k, ammonia, lactic acid uric acid

duct leads to hair follicle/mainly in axillary & anogenital region/puberty no strong odor

ear wax -cerumen

dead tissue restricts circulation and promote bacteria

burn assessment

burns adjust for surface area. kids

most common. least dangerous in stratum basal

epidermis, scalp, forehead, raised, red , scaley

most deadly , metastizis quickly

epiphysis, diaphysis, medullar cavity, peristoem

epiphysial found in long bone

head of each end of the bone

central hollow part of bone

inside hollow epithelial membrane, bone marrow,

inflammation of bone marrow

osteoblasts,osteoclasts, osteocytes

secrete substance that make bone matrix

dissolve unwanted unhealthy bone

mature osteoblasts trapped in bone matrix

connective tissue, collagen and salts calcify bones, lacks twisting strength(torsional strength)

resistance to stretchy

salts resist squeezing

osseous tissue

spongy, cancellous

microscopic passage in bone

transports blood and nutrients, transverse passage

skeleton changes to bone

intramembraneous ossificate, endochendral ossification

skull and face

most bones evolve from cartilage as fetus

resorption-destroy old, deposit new-ossification

destroy old bone

depositing new

osteoclasts remove matrix and reduce mass

deterioration (porous bones) become brittle

remains aligned, tissue in tact

bones pierces skin damage to tissue nerve , and blood vessels

incomplete fracture,

broken to pieces

spirals around bone, difficult to reposition

central canal in compact bone blood vessel and nerves

spongy bone found in end of long bone

lattice of osseous tissue

bunch of holes in skull that allows passage of nerves and blood

14 support teeth. chewing. nasal and orbital canals unique shape

rounded knob that fits in a joint

moderately raised ridge

bump superior to condyl

sharp pointed process

projection or raised area

flat surface

bone surface marking

lg. process found in femur

small, round

rough raised bump for muscle attachment

fossa-furrow/forea-small pit/ sulcus-groove or enlongated dep.

tunnel thru bone

long slit for vessels and nerves

round opening passage for nerves

answer

tube like opening

bodys axis

appendages of body

malleus(hammer),incus(anvil),stapes(stirrup

attachment point for muscles

sway back

opening allows for spinal cord

hunchback

lower edges of thoracic cage meet @ xiphoid process

least movable joint

ability to grasp

pivot, saddle, glidey, hinge, ball and socket,

answer

head joint

flat carpal

shouldrer and hip

knees, toes, finger

side to side

humeroscapular, glenohumeral

sm. sac filled with synovial fluid

fixed joints bound by collagen fibers

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

only voluntary

tissue that surrounds muscle

broad flat tendon attached to epiphyseum

long thread like w/ multiple nuclei

where muscle contraction occurs

relaxd muscle overlapping

require atp

tropomyosin, troponin

nerve stimulates skeletal muscle

carry impulse to skeletal muscles

connection between neuron and muscle fiber

neurotransmitter responsible for contraction of muscle syapse happens in synaptic cleft

ach

blocks release of ACh inhibiting nerve transmission

body make antibodies vs ACh, muscle weakness

continuos state of partial contraction

minimum voltage needed to cause muscle to contract

break down of fatty acids for energy

break down to make atp

without o2

muscle tha assists

end of muscle where attaches to joint

main muscle that triggers movement

bal. movement

lactic acid

muscle enlarges

muscles shrink

anterior of forearm

posterior of forearm

strongest tendon

praying muscle

brain, spinal cord, nerves

chemical messengers

electrical signals

central, peripheral

support cells of ns