Anatomy and Physiology 2 (Quiz 1)

Oral Cavity

Muscular organ with intrinsic muscles and extrinsic muscles

not attached to the bone

attached to hybrid bone or soft palate

1. Filliform 2. Fungiform 3. Circumvallate

File like, vvvvvv SHARP!

round, hold taste buds

In v shaped rows at back of tongue, holds taste buds

1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual

1. Lysozyme 2. Amylase 3. Growth factor

antibacterial enzyme

digests starch

aids in wound healing

Skeletal system structure located in sockets of mandible and maxillary bones

1. enamel 2. dentin 3. inner pulp cavity

bone like outer covering. VERY hard.

primary substance

holds blood vessels and nerves

caused by bacteria that secrete acid that dissolves the enamel and dentin

Caused by bacteria; causes gum inflammation

bacteria infect the bone around the teeth (jawbone)

Removal of infected pulp tissue...the pulp cavity is filled and tooth is capped

1. Incisors 2. Canines 3. Premolars 4. Molars

for biting

In humans are incisor-like UNLESS YOUR A VAMPIRE

for crushing and grinding

1. Deciduous teeth 2. Permanent teeth

arrive in first 2 years & lost between 6-12 years

2-1-0-2 (total of 20 teeth)

arrive during 6-14. Third molars take longer

2-1-2-3 (total of 32 teeth)

GI tract

pancreas, liver etc.

1. Ingestion 2. Propulsia 3. Digestion (chem ) 4. Absorption 5. Elimination

movement of food through the GI tract through smooth muscle action termed peristalsis

Mechanical- grinding, stomach churning. Chemical- digestive enzymes breakdown large molecules into smaller molecules. ex. starch to glucose

Passage of nutrients into blood for delivery to body cells.

throat

1. nasopharynx 2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx

behind the nose

behind the mouth

bottom structure

muscular tube connecting throat to stomach, meets at cardiac sphincter

where esophagus meets the stomach

c shaped organ with 2 main functions: 1. store food 2. mechanical digestion (some chem)

stomach folds, rough

it has an additional oblique layer which increases churning for mechanical digestion

2.5 cm in diameter, most amount of absorption and chemical digestion happens here

1. duodenum 2. jéjunum 3. ileum

primary site for chemical digestion in GI tract, receives secretions of the pancreas, liver gall bladder

middle portion of small intestine

empties into large intestine at ileocecal sphincter

7.5 cm in diameter

1. cecum 2. colon 3. rectum

makes up most of large intestine. ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

largest organ in abdominopelvic cavity, overlies stomach in right upper quadrant, has 2 large lobes

left/right

caudate/quadrate

1. falciform 2. round ligaments

ligament that holds liver in place

remnant of fetal umbilical vein

produce bile which emulsifies fat

storage organ for bile, a small sac located in a shallowed depression of the liver

always liver!

always gall bladder!

oblong shaped organ that lies behind stomach, secretes digestive enzymes capable of chem digesting all 4 classes for organic macro molecules

fast metastis combined w/ loss of crucial digestive function makes quickly fatal, asymptomatic til late stages

1. enter endocrine cells 2. mucous neck cells 3. chief cells 4. parietal cells

secrete hormones that effect other digestive system organs, ex. gastrin stimulates emptying and intestinal contractions

make pepsinogen then when enters stomach becomes pepsin (begins digestion of protein)

make acid, secrete hydrochloric acid

1. water 2. ethyl alcohol 3. some drugs like asprin

1. rennin 2. gastric lipase

an enzyme that aids in digestion of milk protein

an enzyme that helps digest milk fat

1. acinar cells 2. islet cells

make digest enzymes, arranged in clusters of acini

make hormones, are found in islets of langerhans

regulate blood glucose levels

lines ducts, secrete bicarbonate ions that make pancreatic juice. Alkaline (Hco3O)