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Biology MidTerm
41 cards·by meghharper
biology
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is ATP
Potential Energy Storage
How many ate are produced during Glycolysis
Two
Gene
region of DNA that encodes RNA
Three demential structure of DNA
Double Helix
Enzyme
Biological molecule that acts as a catalyst and helps complex reactions occur
Osmosis
Movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to region of higher
concentration
Cristae are the inner membrane folds found in the...
Mitochondria
Set of reactions used to produce ATP in the presence of Oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Stages of protein synthesis
Transcription and translation
The four nucleotides that make up DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
Why would a plant close is stomata?
It helps prevent the loss or evaporation of water
Light reactions of photosynthesis
Light dependent, Calvin cycle (independent)
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
ATP produced during electron transport chain?
34 ATP
Krebs cycle occurs in the...
Mitochondrial matrix
Photosynthesis converts CO2 and H2O into..
Oxygen and simple sugars
Two types of energy
kinetic and Potential
where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
Most ancient pathway used by all cells
Glycolysis
Second law of thermodynamics
Every reaction looses energy as heat (Entropy)
Mutation
Permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence
genetic mutation that replaces one base for another is called...
Transition
photosynthesis is the process by which Autotrophs...
Trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use it to convert CO2 and H2O into simple sugars
What form of cellular transport requires a protein helper?
Facilitated cellular transport
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell?
Metabolism
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytosol of the cell
Oak tree is an example of..
C3 Pathway
ADP is the...
reduced state of ATP
Substance passes through a membrane without help
Simple diffusion
Reaction that requires energy to proceed
Endergonic reaction
What stops the enzymatic reaction during negative feedback?
enzyme inhibitor
why does respiration occur stepwise?
to prevent the sudden release of heat energy from destroying the cell
What carries the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during translation matching up the
codons
TRNA
Operon
Group of genes that share a promoter and operator
a reaction that gives off energy is called what?
Exergonic Reaction
What signals the end of a gene?
Terminator
Who made the first identification of DNA?
Watson and crick
During translation, what strand is translated into the corresponding amino acid sequence?
mRNA strand
Alcohol and Lactic acid are both pathways used in...
Fermentation
How many ATP does Fermentation produce by glycolysis?
two