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Biology Test #4
53 cards·by sarahron420
What are 3 phosphates called?
ATP
What is the equation for the ATP energy cycle (endothermic)?
ADP + P > ATP
How many phosphates does ADP have?
2
How many phosphates does ATP have?
3
What is energy in food measured in?
Calories
What is the point of the kreb cycle?
To make: 3NADH and FADH2
What is an autotroph?
A producer (makes its own food).
What are the 3 types of energy that makes up ATP?
1. Chemical work 2. Mechanical work 3. Transport work
What is the only way amino acids can come together?
By the use of ATP
What is aerobic?
The break down of sugars WITH the use of oxygen.
ATP synthase used energy to convert ADP to what?
ATP
What is Anarobic?
The break down of sugars WITH OUT the use of oxygen
Anarobic respiration is found where?
Cytoplasm
What is the net production of ATP in Glycolysis?
2 go in and 4 go out = 2 ATP
Glycolysis is the first step in what?
Anarobic and aerobic respiration
Where do energy carriers bring their electrons?
ETC
What does ECT stand for?
Electron Transport Chain
As electrons "fall down" the chain the energy is used to make what?
ATP
ATP is produced entirely from what?
Glycolysis
What is the krebs cycle?
The breakdown of pyruvic acid to obtain energy carriers
In the krebs cycle CO2 is what?
A waste product
What are 2 types of fermentation?
Lactic acid and Ethyl Alcohol
What are the overall products of Lactic acid?
2ATP 2NADH 2Latic Acid molecules
Electrons pass through membrane carriers called what?
The Respiratory Chain
How is a gradient created?
The flow of electrons causes the active transport of protons across the inner membrane.
Where does the krebs cycle occur?
The matrix
Photosynthesis
The conversion of sunlight into organic compounds.
What are the overall products of alcohol?
2ATP 2NADH 2Ethyl Alcohol molecules
How many carbons does glucose have?
6
What is ATP synthase?
Protons diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix through a channel.
What is mechanical work?
Moving a muscle protein
What is cellular respiration?
The conversion of food into usable chemical energy (ATP).
What is a heterotroph?
A consumer (eats other things.)
What is the equation for the ATP Energy cycle (endothermic)?
ATP> ADP + P
Where does ATP get energy?
From the Mitochondria
What is the definition of ATP?
A nucleic acid that stores energy in its covalent bonds between phosphates groups.
Aerobic is found where?
Mitochondria.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
What is transport work?
Pumping solutes across a membrane.
What is chemical work?
Building a large molecule.
What are the 4 parts of the Mitochondria?
1. Inner membrane 2. Outer membrane 3. Cristae 4. Matrix
What are the overall products of the kreb cycle?
6CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP
What are examples of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation
What is the energy and carrier of the overall products in the kreb cycle?
Energy: 8 NADH Carrier: 2 FADH2
What is glycolysis?
The initial breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
Where does ATP deliver energy?
All around the cell
What are the 2 major phases of glycolysis?
1. Energy Investment requires: 2 ATP molecules 2. Energy harvesting produces: 4 ATP
molecules and 2 NADH
What is the first step in glycolysis?
Make ATP
What are 2 phosphates called?
ADP
What is the purpose of fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What happens when the electron runs out of energy?
Joins hydrogen and Oxygen to form H2O
What does food eventually turn into?
ATP