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Reproduction
Chapter 22
111 cards·by browncl4
What is Meiosis I?
Meiosis I is 2x and has double genetic info. and sort shuffle genetic info.
What is Meiosis II?
increase genetic info as much as possible and is half
Male and female reproductive systems are_________.
a series of organs and glands that produce and nuture sex cells
Male and female reproductive systems transport sex cells to sites of ______.
fertilization
Male sex cells are ______.
sperm (spermatozoa)
Female sex cells are ______.
oocytes (ovum/ova)
sex cells are produced by ______.
meiosis
______includes two division which are _____ and _____.
Meiosis I and II
genetic material needs to _____.
split in half
A fertilized egg is a ____.
zygote
sex cells are also _____.
gamete
Normal cells are _____.
diploid
_____ is spindle fibers pulled away from each other.
Anaphase
Meosis has _____,one is the sex chromosome.
23 chromosomes
Gender is determined by____.
sperm
A female egg has ________.
two X chromosome
A male sperm has _____.
one X and one Y
____ develop by default until instructed by region ofsex-determmining region of gene.
ovaries
There are_____ for eye color_____ for hair color ___ different combinations.
2 genes, 2 genes and 4
Meiosis I seperates______(the same,gene for gene) pairs
homologous
Homologous pairs may not be _______.
identical because a gene may have variants
What are the four phases in Meosis I cell division?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I and Telophase I
Meosis II begins after _______.
telophase I
Meosis II is similar to ______.
mitosis
What are the 4 phases in Meiosis II division?
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II
Each ____ has one set of genetic instructions in Meiosis II.
sex cell
In the second meiotic division there are ___ choromosomes(compared to
twosets(___chromosomes)in other cells).
23 and 46
What are the main three components of a structure of a sperm cell?
acrosome, midpiece and tail
What is the acrosome?
protein and enzymes needed to get inside an egg
What is the midpiece?
tail,mitochondria, which makes energy or ATP
ATP from the midpiece propels and uses sperm machinery to_______.
allow sperm to swim freely
_______ are attached to the vas deferens near base of the urinary bladder.
Seminal Vesicles
Seminal Vesicles secrete_______.
slightly alkaline fluid
Seminal Vesicles secrete ______ and______.
frutose and prostaglandins
In seminal vesicles contents _________.
empty into the ejaculatory duct
The prostate gland surrounds the_______.
proximal portion of the urethra
The prostate gland secretes a thin, milky,_______fluid.
alkaline
The Prostate Gland secretion enhances_____.
fluid mobility
The Prostate Gland contains_____.
Smooth muscle
______ are inferior to the prostate gland.
Bulbourethral Glands
Bulbourethral Glands secrete ______.
mucus-like fluid
Bulbourethral Glands fluid is released in ______.
response to sexual stimulation
Several ligaments hold each ______ in position.
ovary
In ovarian attachments the largest is called the ______ and is attached to the uterine tubes
and uterus.
broad ligament
In ovarian attachments the ____ holds the ovary at the upper end.
supensory ligament
In ovarian attachments the_____ is rounded, cord-like thickening of the broad ligament.
ovarian ligament
In the ovary structure the tissues of an ovary can be divided into an inner _______ and an
outer______.
medulla and cortex
_____ is mostly composed of loose connective tissue.
medulla
The medulla contains_______.
many blood vessels
The _____ has lymphatic vessels.
medulla
The medulla has ______.
Nerve fibers
The ovarian descent is developed from masses of tissue of the ______, near the developing
kidney.
parietal peritoneum
The ovarian descent descend and remain attached to the _________.
lateral pelvic wall
In primordial follicles ____ divide by mitosis to produce more_____.
Oogonia
The oogonia develop into______.
primary oocytes
The primary oocytes are closely surrounded by a layer of flattened epithelial cells
called_______ in primary follicle.
follicular cells
What is oogenesis?
The process of egg cell formation
In follicle maturation at puberty, the anterior pituitary gland secretes increased amounts
of ____, and the ____ enlarge in response.
FSH and ovaries
With each reproductive cycle, some of the primordial follicles _____.
mature
In _______the primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I.
ovulation
In ovulation there is a_______ and_______.
secondary oocyte and first polar body
_______releases cells from the follicle.
Ovulation
The female hormones are____,_____, and____.
hypothalmus, anterior pituitary and ovaries
Ovaries are hormones because of ___ & ___.
estrogen and prosterone
Hormones control development and maintence of_______.
female secondary sex characteristics
There is a ____ of female sex cells in hormones.
maturation
In female hormone control there is a _____.
montlhy reproductive cycle
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones are responsible for ______.
maturation of sperm cells
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones are responsible for development of______.
male secondary sex characteristics
What is the negative feedback of male hormones?
hypothalmus, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and testes
Teste control the concentration of ______.
testoterone
The male sex hormones are called ______.
androgens
______ cells in the testes produce most of the male sex hormones, but small amounts are
madeinthe _________.
Interstitial and adrenal cortex
Testosterone ______growth of body hair.
increased
Testosterone ______growth of scalp hair.
decreased
Testosterone cause____ of the larynx and ______ of the vocal cords.
enlargement and thickening
Testosterone cause______of the skin.
thickening
Menopause occurs in the late_________.
40s or the early 50s
During menopause_____.
the reproductive cycles stop
The ovaries no longer produce as much _______as previously in______.
estrogens and progesterone, menopause
In ______some female secondary sex characteristics may disappear.
menopause
______may produce hot flashes and fatigue.
Menopause
________ may cause migraine headaches, backaches and fatigue is possible.
Menopause
In menopause _____may prevent effects on bone tissue.
hormone therapy
______ is the voluntary regulation of the number of offspring produced and the time they are
conceived.
birth control
_____ requires a method of contraception.
birth control
_______ requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after _____.
rhythm method and ovulation
Mechanical barriers include the use of a:
condom,diaphragm, cervical cap, spermicidal foams or jellies
Spermicidal foams or jellies acts as________ also.
chemical barrier
Combined Hormone Contraceptives deliver _________ to prevent pregnancy.
estrogen and progesterone
Various methods are used to deliver hormones including:
A flexible chemical ring (Nuvaring), a plastic patch (Ortho Erva), The pill orally and
(Similar to these combined hormones is the "minipill"
The "mini pill" contains only____.
progestin
___ is an intramuscular injection of Depo-Provera that protects against pregnancy for 3
months by preventing maturation and release of a __.
injectable contraception and secondary oocyte
An ___, or __, is a small, solid object that a physician places in the uterine cavity.
intrauterine device or IUD
An IUD inferes with_______.
implantation of blastocyst
______ are almond size similar to testes.
ovaries
What do ovaries do?
produce estrogen secretion
What are some examples of estrogen?
progeterone and estradial
_____ is produced in semineferous tubules.
Sperm
Testosterone is produced and secreted from ____.
intersitial cells
______ are 60 percent of semine.
Seminal Vesicles
Fructose is _______.
nutrition for sperm
______transport sperm by secreting fluids.
Prostaglandins
_____ is 30 percent of seminal fluid.
Prostate gland
The prostate gland secretes _____.
TSA
What is TSA?
keeps semine from sticking together, helps breakup and vaginal mucus
The ______helps sperm swim freely.
Prostate gland
_______ are known as the calpers gland.
Bulbourethral Glands
Female Hormone are similar to _______.
male in the direction but they have different hormones
Male sex hormones have intersial cells called ____.
leyeig
______ fluid cleans and lubricates urethra.
Bulbourethral Gland