Sign in to save your progress, vote, and build your own decks.Sign in
microbiology unit 1 exam
79 cards·by kayleeallen27
what is the study of viruses?
virology
what is the study of fungus?
mycology
what is the study of parasites?
parasitology
who saw the first glimpse of microorgansims and used lenses to study them?
Anthony leeuwenhoek
what do you call the theory of living things generating from non living matter
spontaneous generation
who discovered the concept of contamination being contributed to heat resistant life
tyndall
who discovered heat resistant life were endospores?
cohn
who discovered aseptic surgery?
lister
who developed the germ theory of disease?
pasteur
who demonstrated that air contains microorgansims?
pasteur
who studied broth in swan neck flasks
pasteur
who discovered the role of microorganisms in disease transmission?
koch
who identified the tuberculosis and cholera bacteria
koch
who discovered penicillin
flemming
how is microbiology applied?
food production, bioremediation, and the synthesis of pesticides, ethanol, and
antibiotics
what ratio does bacteria out number the cells in our body
10:1
which category of bacteria has rigid cell walls, multiply by binary fission, and are either
spiral, rod or spherical shaped?
domain bacteria
which category of bacteria is found in extreme environments which makes it unique
domain archae
what does prokaryote literally mean
pre nucleus
what does eukaryote literallly mean
true nucleus
what are some examples of domain eukarya
all human cells, single celled microbes such as algae, fungi, and protozoa
what microbial agent are obligate intracellular parasites
viruses
what does it mean to be an obligate intracellular parasite
found inside a cell and benefit while harming others
what do you call infectous proteins responsible for neurodegenerative diseases
prions
what are equal in an atom to make it uncharged
the protons and electrons
which bonds require an enzyme to break
covalent
which bonds involve the sharing of electrons
covalent
what type of bonds are formed by gaining or losing electrons
ionic
how do non polar covalent bonds share electrons
equally
how do polar covalent bonds share electrons
unequally, which produces a slight charge
what are cations
positive ions that lose electrons
what are anions
negative ions that gain electrons
ph is the measure of what?
acidity
what does a low ph mean
acid, high concentration of h+ ions
what does a high ph mean
base, high concentration of oh- ions
what is dehydration synthesis
the removal of h2o to form macronutrients by joining smaller subunits together
what is hydrolosis?
breaking macromolecules down into smaller subunits by adding a molecule of h20
what elements are simple carbohydrates made of?
carbon hydrogen and oxygen
what is the ratio of simple carbohydrates
1:2:1 (cH20) Carbon hydrogen oxygen
glucose + glucose =
maltose
glucose + fructose
sucrose
glucose + galactose =
lactose
principle constituent in plant cell wall, most abundant organic molecule on earth,
polysaccharide
cellulose
what are the subunits of proteins
amino acids
what are the subunits of simple lipids
three fatty acids and glycerol
what are the subunits of nucleic acids
nucleotides
characteristics of simple lipids
contain only carbon hydrogen and oxygen, solid at room temp., often called fats, glycerol and
3 fatty acids
what are nucleotides composed of
nitrogenous base, five carbon monosaccharide, and phosphate molecule
adenine pairs with
thymine
guanine binds to
cytosine
coccus
spherical
bacillus
rod or cyclinder
coccobacillus
short round rod
vibrio
curved rod
spirillium
spiral
spirochete
helical
pleomorphic
bacteria shape can vary
diplo
pairs
strepto
chains
tetrads
two planes
sarcinae
three planes
staphlo
multiple planes/clusters
does active transport require energy
yes
does facilitated diffusion require energy
no
where is polypeptoglycan (PTG) found
in cell walls of only bacteria, accounts for rigidity
which bacteria contains a thick layer of PTG
gram positive
which bacteria has a thin layer of PTG
gram negative
what is the order of stain in gram stain
crystal violet, iodine, alchohol, safranin
monotrichous
1 flagellum
amphitrichous
1 flagellum at each end
lophotrichous
tuft of flagella at one or both ends
peritrichous
flagella all over surface
artrichous
no flagella
what is the mitochondria
site of energy production in eukaryotes
where is the site of protein synthesis
rough ER
where is the site of lipid synthesis and degradation
smooth ER
what is found in only plants and algae
chloroplast
what is the site of photosynthesis in plants
chlorplast
what does the golgi complex do
modifies the products of the endoplasmic reticulum