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AP History: Chapter 23
74 cards·by LegendOfLicon
when and where did WW1 start?
in Europe of 1914
who did the US support?
supported the Allies or England
what did the US convert its economy to?
converted its economy to a war production machine(total war)
how many men did the US army have?
5 million
what did the US become after WW1?
emerged as the world's mightiest country
WW1 is the first what?
the first total war (for the US)
where did all the military, social, and industrial resources go?
towards the war effort
how many were killed on the Lusitania?
1198 were killed, 128 were americans
who attacked the Lusitania on May 1915?
attacked by a German U-boat
what was the Sussex Pledge?
Germany pledged to spare civilians from attack
what was a threat Germany made to the US?
if US c/n get G. Britain to permit neutral ships to pass t/ naval blockades= submarine warfare
what was the House Grey Memorandum geared toward?
finding a fair and impartial settlement b/w G. Britain and Germany
what did Pres. Wilson do to upset G. Britain?
Pres. Wilson attempted to be impartial which led to Britain abandoning negotiations
what did Pres. Wilson's Peace Movement of 1916 advocate for?
advocated for negotiation rather than war
who else supported Pres. Wilson's Peace Movement?
Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Robert La Follette, William Jennings Bryan, German and
Irish Americans
whose idea was it to create peace without victory?
Pres. Wilson
in the election of 1916, what was Pres. Wilson's campaign slogan?
He kept us out of war
what did "peace without victory" mean?
refusal to crown a victor or humiliate a loser
what did "peace without victory" ensure?
ensured the equality of the combatant
what happened with Germany and the Zimmerman Telegram on February 1, 1917?
Germany offered to recover land lost by Mexico to the US if they supported them
what was Pres. Wilson's plea to the American public and Congress?
"the world must be made safe for democracy"
what happened on April 6, 1917?
Congress gave the okay for the war
what were some new technology used during WW1?
Convoys, Sonar, Rapid Fire Machine Gun, and Gas Warfare
what were 3 home front agencies in the US?
War INdustries Board, Food Administration, and National War Labor Board
what did the War Industries Board do?
organize the shift to wartime production
who was head of the War Industries Board?
Bernard Baruch
what did the Food Administration do?
increased food production
who was in charge of the Food Administration?
Herbert Hoover
what did the National War Labor Board do?
created to resolve labor disputes
because of the war, who was now able to work?
african americans, women and mexican americans
where was work open for African Americans?
North East
where was work open for Mexican Americans?
South West
what was the Great Migration?
a mass number of African Americans moved into northern cities such as NYC
as a way to avoid strikes, what were workers granted?
higher wages and better working conditions
what did the Selective Service in May 1917 do?
registered 24 million young men 18 and older for the draft
how many men were drafted and how many volunteered?
3 million drafted, 2 million volunteered
what happened to African Americans in the military?
they were segregated into units
what happened to African Americans in the military?
they were segregated into units
what were African Americans given by the military to justify discrimination?
IQ tests
what did the IQ test prove?
proved that native Americans and immigrants of western Euro. descent were more intelligent
why did the military ban the IQ tests?
due to the test, the military was turning too many people away
how was majority of the war financed?
t/ war bonds or "Liberty Bonds"
what did the government say to persuade people to purchase war bonds?
it was the patriotic duty of Americans to purchase the bonds
how else was the war financed besides war bonds?
taxes
who was head of the Committee on Public Information?
George Creel
how many pamphlets were distributed during the war?
75 million
what was an unintended consequence of the "Four Minute Men?"
those who exp. discrimination and poverty were motivated to protest
what did the unintended consequence cause?
caused the creation of groups to force america to live up to its democratic ideals
who also protested the war?
IWW or the socialists
what was the 18th Amendment?
prohibition/anti-immigrant
who began to spread anti German stories?
CPI
what were banned during the war?
German music, language and books
what did the Espionage and Sedition Acts prevent?
punishment for spying or sabotaging war production, censoring unpatriotic statements, and
c/n avoid the draft
what did the American Protective League cause US citizens to do?
americans spied on fellow neighboors
who was Charles T. Schenck?
general secretary of the socialist party of america
what did Charles T. Schenck do?
violated espionage act
was pres. Wilson's plan for world peace called?
Fourteen points
what did the Fourteen Points include?
freedom of the seas, self determination, no secret treaties, reduction of armaments, and
est. of League of Nations
what was the League of Nations?
all countries rep and international disputes would be given a fair hearing
who agreed with the Treaty of versailles?
Big Four- US, Germany, France and Britain
who was harshly punished due to the treaty of versailles?
Germany- $33 billion in war reparations
who did not support the League of Nations?
American reps
why did American reps dislike the League of Nations?
felt it gave too much military power to the League and US c/n declare war
who did Henry Cabot lead?
the irreconcilables
who were the irreconcilables?
people who were totally against the League of Nations
what happened during Post War in the US?
labor violence and disputes, Afr. Amer. d/n want to return to segregation/discrimination,
Red Scare
what was the Red Scare?
fear of anarchy, socialism and communism
how many workers went on strike in 1919?
4 million
what were the Palmer Raids/
A. Mitchell Palmer arrested and deported suspected revolutionaries
who was executed for the murder of a payroll officer?
Sacco and Vanzetti
why did many feel that Sacco and Vanzetti were targeted?
because they were Italian immigrants and anarchists
why was the New Negro Movement significant?
it reflected a new generation of blacks who were ready to fight for change
what did Afr. Amer. face in northern cities?
violence and discrimination
who was involved with the United Negro Improvement Association and the Back to Africa
Movement?
Marcus Garvey