Learning and Behaviorism 2

29 cards·by campbellr0

behavior that operates on the environment to produce a change effect or consequence. It is emitted, the behavior may occur before conditioni

operant behavior

a class or set of responses that vary in topography but produce a common environmental consequence or effect.

operant class

(operant) occurs at some probability in the presence of a discriminative stimulus, but the stimulus does not force its occurrence

emitted

(respondent): behavior is made to occur by the presentation of a stimulus (CS or US)

elicited

the higher-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for a lower-frequency behavior

premack principle

modern day paraphrase for the law of effect

principle of reinforcement

the procedure of restricting access to a potentially reinforcing stimulus

establishing operations

the breaking of the contingency between an operant and its response

extinction

when each response produces reinforcement (lever press produces water/food)

continuous reinforcement

number of responses required for reinforcement is constant(double clicking with mouse)

fixed ratio

first response after constant time interval has expired is reinforced (checking the mail)

fixed interval

the number of responses required for reinforcement changes from trial to trial (slot machines, learning to ride a bike)

variable ratio

first response after variable time interval has expired is reinforced. States the average interval after which a response will be reinforced

variable interval

the pause in responding that occurs after reinforcement on some intermittent schedules

post reinforcement pause

used to determine the ratio requirements for reinforcement

progressive ratio

caused by large ratio size and/or low reinforcement frequency

ratio strain

the process by which behavior is modified by its consequences

operant conditioning

any event which increases the future likelihood of the behavior it follows

reinforcing consequence

an antecedent that alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer

motivating operations

any event that decreases the subsequent likelihood of the behavior it follows

punishing consequence

initially neutral, acquires behavioral importance by accompanying behavior-consequence relationship

discriminative stimulus

a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered

schedules of reinforcement

behavior is reinforced occasionally (checking email, answering phone)

intermittent schedules

withholding the reinforcer for a previously unreinforced behavior

operant extinction

increase in frequency, duration, or intensity of the unreinforced behavior

extinction burst

topography of response may vary slightly or drastically

operant availability

reinforcement can be made contingent on force

force of response

rate of response resumes level similar to when reinforced although reinforcement has not been provided for a period of time

spontaneous recovery

reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the final performance

successive approximations