Exam 2

Preliminary Response

70 cards·by taylorproctor

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What is the road to mental readiness?

A resilience based Canadian Armed Forces training program

What has the potential to add stress to a public safety officers life?

Police role, criminal justice system, community, police service, shift work and the tired cop syndrome, family demands

What is a stressor?

Environmental event that triggers and autonomic nervous system response

What is the reaction to a stressor?

Stress

What is perception?

The type of meaning one assigns to stress

What are the four components to the stress model?

Behaviour, stimuli, perception, reaction

What are the four symptoms of stress

Physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioural

Name four physical stress reactions

Sweating, fatigue, nausea, shakes

Name four cognitive stress reactions

Memory loss, confusion, decreased decision-making, decreased problem-solving

Name four emotional stress reactions

Anxiety, fear, depression, anger

Name four behavioural stress reactions

Change in behaviour, withdrawal, silence, under/overreacting

Name four cumulative reactions to stress

Apathy, fatigue, depression, irritability

What does higher levels of stress contribute to?

higher suicide rates in P.O., career burnout, and tendency to die sooner than later after retirement

What is trauma?

psychologically distressing event outside the range of human experience

What is traumatic stress?

immediate or delayed reactions, and are often cumulative

What is critical incident stress?

When a trauma causes an individual to feel anxious and shaken

What is the Critical Incident Stress Debreifing?

A group meeting or discussion about a distressing critical incident

What is the core focus of CISD?

Relief of stress in normal, emotionally healthy people

What are the main goals of CISD?

Mitigate the impact of the incident on victim, and accelerate the recovery process who experiences stressful reactions

What are the three kinds of victims?

Primary (people traumatized), Secondary (emergency services personnel), and Tertiary (family, friends directly associated with the event)

What are three of the secondary goals of CISD?

Education about stress and stress reactions, emotional ventilation, reassurance that stress response is controllable

What are four coping mechanisms?

Family, friends, physical activity, hobbies

What are the three changes found in post trauma?

Change in self, relationships, and philosophy of life

What is the employee assistance program?

Support for employees and their families through referral agents (first point of contact for employees in crisis)

Three reasons officers don't ask for help (EAP)

Perceived as weak, help being talked down about, lack of knowledge of assistance available

Indications of a break and enter

Open doors or windows, debris on floor, vehicles parked nearby, ladders, ropes, lookouts, suspects seen inside

What are 8 methods of entry?

Open doors or windows, locks, step over entries, roof entry, hide-in entry, cut in entry, key lock pick entry, drive-in entry

Do you start in the basement for building searches?

No; do the basement last.

What are the authorities for conducting a search?

consent, statue laws, case laws, common law

What are the four areas of a vehicle that an officer should search?

Front end, interior, rear end, underside

8 Steps for vehicle stops

greeting, identification, reason for contact, justification, request information, ask clarification, decision/summarize, close on a positive

Safety concerns for traffic stops

Avoid high traffic concentrations, find good lighting, avoid private parking, never go in front of the vehicle, advise dispatch

What are the three types of people?

Wimps, difficult, nice

What does LEAPS stand for?

Listen, empathize, ask, paraphrase, summarize

What is the sword of insertion?

Stopping the rant to ensure you understand what the person is saying

How does one handle verbal abuse?

Deflection and redirection

What are the 3 principles of LEAPS?

Say what you want, do what I say; I've got the ACT, you've got the last WORD, show people RESPECT

What are the 5 appeals in the Five-Step Hardstyle?

Ethical, reasonable, personal, practical, act

What does the ethical appeal entail?

Asking the person to behave

Reasonable appeal?

Set the context

Personal Appeal

Present options, not threats

Practical Appeal?

Confirm the resistance

Act?

move up the force level

How to make an arrest?

make eye contact, state to person why they are under arrest. Touch person on arm or shoulder

What does the sequence of events in arresting someone mean?

eliminates confusion about the arrest, makes the arrest valid, reduces chance of person fleeing

In what ways can evidence be classified?

Direct evidence, associative, indirect evidence, circumstantial, trace, prima facie

Difference between prima facie evidence and indirect evidence?

Indirect incriminates a person, prima facies is evidence established by law

Direct evidence?

establishes proof of fact without additional evidence

Circumstantial evidence?

evidence from which inferences are drawn

Trace evidence?

Extremely small items, such as hair or fibre

Associative evidence?

links a suspect with a crime

When does a crime scene begin to deteriorate?

the moment the crime begins

Will I be responsible for the continuity of evidence, as a responder to a MVC?

Yes (aka, chain of custody)

When processing evidence, it must be seized____

legally, properly, and legally processed

Standard of comparison?

An object, measure, or model with which evidence is compared to determine whether both came from the same source

What to put on all seizures?

TIME, DATE, and INITIALS

Do not permit EMS to ________

clean up after themselves. They may clean up trace evidence

Suspects?

Secure and separate them

Witnesses?

Secure and separate them

Bystanders?

Determine if they are witnesses or parties to the offence; if not, remove them

Locard's Theory of Exchange: Perpetrator

Retains traces of victims and the scene away with them

Locard's Theory of Exchange: Victim

Retains traces of the suspect

Locard's Theory of Exchange: Suspect

Leaves traces at the scene

Path of contamination?

route all officers and authorized personnel use to enter and exit the scene

What little things can make or break a case?

Fingerprints, DNA, tool marks, documents

Crime scene DONT'S (5)

smoke or chew tobacco, eat or drink, adjust thermostat, open windows, use the bathroom

As a first responder, you are in charge until_____

you are relieved of your duties

When handing over control of the scene:

brief the investigators taking over, assist in controlling the scene, remain at scene until relieved of duty, document names and time of sce

Purpose of Agency Spokeperson

medica have a single point of contact, build positive relationships with the media, develop standards by which info is disseminated to media

Another name for indirect evidence is:

circumstantial evidence