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Poli Sci 242

Exam 1

40 cards·by Jacob
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capacity
the ability of government to be effective
jurisdiction
the territorial range of government authority
federalism
a system of government in which powers are divided
rainy day funds
money set aside when finances are healthy
transparency
open government
Sunbelt
unofficial region of the U.S. consisting of the South and the West
Frostbelt
Northeast and Midwest
political culture
the attitudes values and beliefs that people hold toward government
culture wars
political conflicts that emerge from deeply held moral values
unitary system
one in which all government authority is derived from a central government
confederacy
a league of sovereign states in which a limited central government oversees
federal system
a means of dividing the power and functions of government between a central and local government
enumerated powers
those expressly given
concurrent powers
those granted to both national and state governments
nation centered federalsim
theory holding that the national government is dominant over the states
reserved powers
those powers residing with the states by virtue of the tenth amendment
tenth amendment
reserves powers of the states
compact theory
became foundation for states rights arguments, states entered compact to empower national government
national supremacy clause
Article VI of the Constitution
Necessary and Proper Clause
Article 1 Section 8
Implied powers
Those not expressly granted
Commerce Clause
Article 1 Section 8
General Welfare Clause
Article 1 Section 8
Fourteenth Amendment
Due Process, equal protection
Sixteenth Amendment
Fed can levy income tax
federal preemption
national laws > state laws
dual federalism
national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their spheres
cooperative federalism
All levels of government share duties
Creative Federalism
Federal government uses grants and aid to assist State spheres
New Federalism
Intended to return power to the states
categorical grants
money can only be used for a defined purpose
block grants
money can be used for a broad range of functions
formula grant
uses math to determine who gets how much
project grant
awards money based on assessment of proposal
fundamental law
basic legal document (constitution)
Model State Constitution
An ideal of the structure of a State Constitution
positive-law tradition
constitutions are lengthy and detailed
higher-law tradition
constitutions are shorter and based on principles
legislative proposal
most common means of amending constitution.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Ended Jim Crow in the South, some states still under supervision