MCAT bio ch.2 reproduction cell cycle & mitosis

containing only 1 copy of each chromosome

a specific series of phases during which a cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and divides

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the 1st three stages of the cell cycle G1 S G2

the cell is simply living and serving its function without at preparation for division

chromosomes in a less condensed form

cells create organelles for energy and protein production while also increasing their size

certain criteria must be met for the cell to pass the restriction point and enter the synthesis stage

the cell replicates its genetic material so that each daughter cell will have identical copies

after replication each chromosome consist of 2 identical ?

where chromosomes are bound together

answer

mitosis along with cytokinesis

the splitting of the cytoplasm and organelles into 2 daughter cells

the cell determines if the DNA is in good enough condition for synthesis

the main protein that fixes the damage of DNA

ensuring that the cell has achieved adequate size and the organelles have been properly replicated to support 2 daughter cells

molecules responsible for the cell cycle

mutations of tp53

cancer cells undergo rapid cell division

damaged cells are able to reach other tissues spreading cancer

2 identical daughter cells are created from a single cell

cells that are not involved in sexual reproduction

1st phase of mitosis, chromosomes condense, spindle forms

where paired cylindrical organelles

what centriole pairs form which are made of microtubules

anchor the centrioles to the cell membrane

protein structures located on the centromeres that serve as attachment points for specific fibers of the spindle apparatus

2nd phase of mitosis the centriole pairs are now at opposite ends of the cell, chromosomes align

3rd phase of mitosis sister chromatids separate

4th phase of mitosis new nuclear membranes form, the reverse of prophase

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