Grade 12 Biology - Genetics

More than two chromosomes per pair

Loop of DNA in cell, separate from chromosome. Can insert selves into chromosomes where there is a common sequence of nucleotides

An agent that causes a change in DNA (Radiation, carcinogen)

2 traits are crossed. Ex: Brown eyes Brown hair crosses with Green Eyes Red Hair

More than two alleles for a trait. Ex: Blood typing

A red cow and white cow have roan offspring

Traits controlled by X and Y chromosomes.

Both alleles are dom or rec

One allele is dom, one is rec

Traits expressed most often (CAPITAL)

traits most often hidden (LOWERCASE)

Genetic makeup of trait

physical expression of trait

Brown hair is crossed with blond hair

DNA strand is unzipped, nitrogen bases exposed and hydrogen bonds broken. DNA polymerase puts back together, free nucleotides attach. 2 stra

Gentically Modified DNA molecule, made by splicing dna from different source and putting into host cell

1. Locate desired gene and genome (host). Use restriction enzymes on both to makr sticky ends 3.Insert gene into genome 4.Put genome in host

DNA code changed into RNA. T becomes U

Made of sugar, phospate and nitrogen base (A,G,T,C)

46, or 23 pairs

regular chromosomes, 44

X, Y chromosomes, 2

Photograph of someones chromosomes, used to detect chromosomal mutations

Mistake in DNA, causes wrong amino acids to be placed, can be good or bad

Used to modify genetic makeup of cells, move gene across speice boundaries, treat disease and make medicine, leads to larger animals/crops

Agent causing Disease or illness to host. (Measles, Smallpox, Pneumona)