Bio Exam 2

9/20 - 10/25

28 cards·by elatedellie

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What do triglyceride lipids do?

store energy

What 3 things to triglyceride lipids have?

fatty acid tails attached to 3-carbon glycerol backbone

Fatty acids tails in which the carbons have only single bonds, which form straight chains

saturated fats

fatty acid tails with one or more double bonds, with kinks in the tail

unsaturated fats

unsaturated fats with a different arrangement around double bonds.

trans fats

usually a byproduct of processing oils to make them solid

trans fats

phospholipids

structural lipids used to make biological membranes

phospholipid molecules' 3 parts

glycerol backbone, hydrophillic head, 2 hyrdophobic fatty acid tails

lipids formed by several fused rings

steroids

where is cholesterol found?

cell membrane

Cholesterol doesn't float freely around your blood, it is packaged into small particles called...

LDL and HDL

LDL

bad cholesterol

HDL

good cholesterol

proteins

polymers of amino acids

enzymes

protein catalysts

how do enzymes regulate metabolism?

speeding up reactions

in the protein glycine, R =

in the protein alanine, R =

CH3

essential amino acids

comes from proteins in food

nucleic acids are polymers composed of...

nucleotide monomers joined by covalent chemical bonds

nucleotides have 3 parts

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

4 types of nitrogen bases

adenine, thymine, gaunine, cytosine

ATP

energy storing nucleotide

prokaryotes lack

membrane bound organelles

3 bacterial morphologies

bacillus, coccus, spirillum

Gram + (example)

staphylococcus

Gram - (example)

E. coli

bacteria have a cell wall made from

peptidoglycan