Chapter 2

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Element

kind of atoms has properties to distinguish from others

Molecule

2 or more atoms combined

Compound

molecules made up of atoms of 2 or more elements

Ion

charged atom produced when an atom gains or loses 1 or more electron

Cation

Positively charged ion

Anion

negatively charged ion

Atomic number is equal to # of...

Protons or electrons

Atomic weight is equal to # of...

Neutrons + Protons

Isotope

atoms of a particular element that contain diff. # of neutrons

Ionic Bond

attraction of opposite charges

Covalent bond

share pairs of electrons

Hydrogen bond

form b/w hydrogen and other electronegative elements

Polar

electronegative pull

Nonpolar

no electronegative pull

Anabolism

build up of substances used to create bonds

Catabolism

break down of substances; energy released

functional group

part of molecule that participates in chemical reactions

Classes of large biochemical molecules

Ketones; Alcohol; Aldehyde; Organic Acid

Carbohydrates- characteristics/ types

main source of energy; monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide (starch)

Lipids- characteristics

fats, phospholipids, and steroids; insoluble; energy source;

Protein- characteristics/ structure

composed of amino acids; primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Structure of protein

1) polypeptide chain 2) folding and coiling of chains 3) folding into globular structure 4) association of several tertiary

Nucleotides- formed by/ composed of/ function

form nucleic acids; composed of nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups