Chapter 10: Principles of Pharmacology

Heroin, marijuana, LSD

They have no recognized medical purpose and have a high abuse potential

They have the lowest potential for abuse and include things like cough medicine

Synthetic is made completely in a lab, semi-synthetic is made from chemicals that are derived from natural sources

The name given during initial development

To promote consistency and avoid duplication

For marketing purposes

As a med is given, it begins to alter a function or process in the body

The actions the body takes on a medication

Endogenous chemicals occur naturally within the body, exogenous is a synthetic form of that

Enhances cellular activity

Blocks cellular activity

Vasoconstriction of arteries and veins

Insulin restriction, glucagon secretion, inhibition of norepinephrine release

increased heart rate, increased myocardial contractility and conduction, renin secretion for urinary retention

Bronchial relaxation, insulin secretion, uterine relaxation, arterial dilation

Vasodilation of renal and mesenteric arteries

Allows acetylcholine (ACh) to stimulate muscle contraction

Offsets sympathetic stimulation, decreases heart rate, contractility, and conduction velocity

The dose required for a particular cellular response decreases

The ability to initiate or alter cell activity in a desired manner

Paradoxical medication reactions

The onset, peak, and duration of effect

The service medical director

Inactive med turns active - active med turns inactive - med changes into another med - med transforms into something easier to eliminate

Direct sunlight, extreme heat or cold, physical damage to containers

Adverse effects are an undesired response to a med - side effects are an addition to the intended effect

A tolerance, affecting other medications in the same class

Unintended interactions between the various substances

Keeps cardiac function undisturbed by slowing movement of Na+ through channels

They act as adrenergic blockers, and inhibit catecholamine activation

Increase the duration of phase 1, 2, and 3 of the cardiac cycle, prolong the absolute refractory period, and treats tachycardias

Act as calcium channel blockers, reduce blood pressure, control heart rate, and may increase myocardial oxygen delivery

Alter the function of the renin-angiotensin system in the body

To treat hypotension refractory to volume resuscitation

A potent vasopressor given with epi during cardiac arrest

A potent IV vasodilator, it is used when hypotension is desired

It dilates arterioles, and is used for hypertensive emergencies to lower systemic vascular resistance

It's a diuretic, used for managing hypertension, causes renal artery vasodilation, and promotes urinary excretion from kidneys

"Packed" Red Blood Cells - They contain 225-250ml of concentrated RBCs

Impaired clotting, usually administered following a trauma or hemorrhage

Dissolve blood clots, and treat AMI and stroke

To prevent seizures and on bipolar disorder

Antiemetic and antipsychotic

Antiemetic properties, it increases gastric motility

Cardiac arrest, corrects hypomagnesemia, treats seizures in pregnant patients, and treats severe asthma

It does not initiate as much cell activity or change as an agonist

Age, weight, environment, pregnancy, psychosocial factors

Those observed in young children

Enhances Antithrombin III to inhibit blood coagulation

A low platelet level in the blood

No evidence of risk in any trimester and the possibility of fetal harm appears remote

Animal studies have not demonstrated any risks

Animal studies revealed adverse effects on the fetus

Positive evidence of human fetal risk

Studies in animals and humans demonstrated fetal abnormalities

The ability a med has to pass through the GI tract and into the bloodstream

GI pH

Presence of food, liquids, or chemicals

Proximal Tibia, Proximal Humerus, and Femur

Distal Tibia, and Manubrium