More linguistic shite

Building blocks of words, smallest units, no fixed size, can be combined, are recognisable from word to word. flexible {balach} - {balaich]

variant forms of a single morpheme. {an} has 3 allomorphs:{ɪn} after palatized consonants-seacaidean/{an}{ən}after non-pal. consonant-modhan

the root form of a word cat and cats are the same lexeme, headwords in the dictionary

word = recommendations / stem = recommendation / root = commend

the simplest possible form of a lexical morpheme, all the inflection and derivational affixes have to be stripped e.g. brogan -> brog

bound form of a lexical item. Form of a word after all inflectional affixes are stripped e.g.rewrites ->rewrite, stem encodes its tense/pers

These are bound morphemes which can only occur attached to a word or stem. A morpheme that is attache to a word or stem

Affix that appears at the start of the word Mì-choltach

Appears at the end of a word – Brògan

appears within the stem

appears before and after the stem. At the start and the end of a word.

Bound can't stand alone, free can stand alone,Bàtaichean – the root {Bàta} is free and can stand alone. The affix {ichean} is bound

Derivation adds affixes to create a new word bòidheach – beautiful -> bòidhchead – Beauty

a morphological processes create grammatical variants of the same word e.g brog + pl -> brogan same word different grammar

Analytic = small number of morphemes synthetic = large number. Gaelic is more synthetic thenEnglish but less than Latin.

encoding of a grammatical or lexical property. e.g. number, case, gender, person; tense, aspect - Past – 2 non-separable exponents. Lusan.

Lenition, Palatalisation (slenderasing), Suffixation, Ablaut (sang, sung)

Grammatical changes – Gender, Definiteness, Case, Number, Person, (And alienability – Mo cheann vs. an leabhar agam).

Gaelic doesn’t have an indefinite article – a big man = duine mòr, has a definitearticle,distinctions are made for case(tuiseal) and number

Free PN's simple ones like mi/thu , Bound are possive like mo/do , prepostitional are agam/ nad/ orm/ dhomh

felt to be ‘close’ to the possessor, body parts, houses, clothes, pets, family members, relations e.g. mo lamh, ar n-athair

felt to be further away from possessor E.g. An cup agam, an peann agam NOT an t-athair agam

You replace a word by something completely different e.g the genitive of bean (woman), which is mnaoi

You replace a vowel in the word stem with a different vowel, as in sing – sang. A Gaelic example would be bòrd - bùird or fear - fir.

thogainn, thogadh tu, thogamaid

cluinn an ceol, cluinneadh e, cluinnibh an ceol (hear the music) cluinneam an ceol (let me hear the music) cluinneamaid an ceol (let us hear

present tense - tha e math, simple past, thog thu e.

future - togaidh tu e, conditional -habitual - togadh tu e.

biodh / bidh

tha / bha

Realis / Irrealis – whether something is real or not.

ath: ath-aithris / co: co-dhunadh / ro: ro-radh / do: do-dheanta / neo: neo-chiontach / mi: mi-mhodhail

nouns->adjectives ach: urramach / ach: coltach , everything->noun adair: cluicheadair / ag: greiseag

borrowed from other languages, new technology, military goods e.g. auntiadh, nearbhasach, coimpiutar. telebhision