MCAT bio ch.1 cell viruses & subviral particles

are composed of genetic material a protein coat and sometimes an envelope containing lipids

protein coat

viruses must express and replicate genetic info within a ? cuz they lack ribosomes to carry out protein synthesis

after hijacking a cells machinery a virus will replicate and produce viral progeny which can be released to infect additional cells

are viruses that specifically target bacteria they do not actually enter bacteria they simply inject their genetic material leaving the rema

can act like a syringe injecting genetic material into a bacterium

help bacteriophage to recognize and connect to the correct host cell

the genome may be directly translated to functional proteins by the ribosomes of the host cell

these viruses require synthesis of an RNA strand

are enveloped single stranded RNA viruses

synthesizes DNA from single stranded RNA

virus has to bind to specific receptors on the host cell

the virus and the cell are brought into close enough proximity to permit additional interactions

diff portions of the virion will be inserted into the host cell or only insert their genetic material leaving their capsids outside the host

DNA viruses must go to the nucleus in order to be transcribed to mRNA

mRNA goes to the cytoplasm where it is translated to proteins

genetic material from positive sense RNA viruses stay in the cytoplasm where it is directly translated to protein by host cell ribosomes

negative sense RNA viruses require RNA replicase which can then be translated to form proteins

using the ribosomes tRNA amino acids and an enzymes of the host cell the viral RNA is translated into protein

once the viral genome has been replicated it can be packaged within the capsid, the viral genome must be returned to its original form befor

the host cell may no longer use the cell to carry out its life cycle

a virus can leave the cell by fusing with its plasma membrane

the bacteriophage makes maximal use of the cells machinery w/little regard for the survival of the host cell

once the host is swollen w/new virions the cell lyses and other bacteria can be infected

if the virus does not lyse the bacterium it may integrate into the host genome

the virus will be replicated as the bacterium reproduces cuz it is now a part of the hosts genome

are infectious proteins and are also nonliving things, can cause disease by triggering misfolding of other proteins

small pathogens consisting of a very short circular single stranded RNA that infect plants can cause metabolic and structural derangements i