Western Civ 2

I like tacos and will get dem when i ace this test

16 cards·by TacoMann

european history

o David Livingstone (from video excerpt shown in class)

 Scottish doctor and missionary in Africa  First European to see Victoria Falls

o the “new” imperialism: methods and motivations

 colony: annexation and direct rule (Africa)  protectorate: control & protection for figurehead ruler (British Egypt)  sphere of influenc

o Leopold II of Belgium (r. 1865-1909) and the Congo

 In 1876, led privately financed group of Belgians which opened Congo River Basin to commercial exploitation  Ruled Congo Free State, 1884

o Berlin Conference, 1884-1885

 Meant to defuse tensions and establish ground rules for imperial acquisition in Africa  Nations holding land along the coast could claim

o The British Raj in India

 Rule began “informally” with East India Company, 18th century  Indian Rebellion, 1857: led to direct rule by the Empire  Queen Victoria

o new unionism

 offered national organizations that brought together workers in different sectors of the economy

o The Second International, 1889-1916

 International Working Men’s Association founded by British & French trade unions (First International, 1864-1876)  Reform industrial cond

o Benjamin Disraeli (conservative)

 Prime Minister, 1868, 1874-1880

o William Gladstone (liberal)

 Prime Minister, 1868-1874; 1880-1885; 1892-1894

o The Irish Question and Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-1891)

 Home rule: Irish control of local government  Land: transfer of ownership to Irish tenants  Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-1891): leader

 Political Divisions

• Monarchists (Bourbon or Orléans) • Bonapartists • Republicans • Socialists

 1875 Constitution

• Parliament with directly elected Chamber of Deputies & indirectly elected Senate • Cabinet of ministers presided over by a prime minister

o The Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Germany

 Founded 1875 by German Marxists  Divided between supporters of political reform and advocates of revolution  Repression by Bismarck fail

o Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, and the Treaty of San Stefano (1878)

 Russian support of rebellions by Slavs in Bulgaria, Boznia-Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro

o Land and Liberty and People’s Will

 Land and Liberty: dedicated to educating the peasants about their role in revolution  The People’s Will: dedicated to overthrow of the ts

o Tsar Alexander III (r. 1881-1894) of Russia

 Strengthened police powers  Tightened censorship  Limited power of local government  Increased control over peasants  Forced Russifica