Chapter 2 terms

The nerve impulse

Microscopic space between 2 impulses, over which messages pass

Any chemical released by a neuron that alters activity in other neurons

The brain and spinal cord

Areas of the cortex associated with movement, the sense of self, and higher mental functions.

The structure that connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions; things we can't control

A brain structure that controls posture, muscle tone, and coordination

A system in the forebrain that is closely linked with emotional response

Structure of the brain that controls such functions as thought, reason, emotion, and memory.

Play important roles in organizing sensory input as well as memory association and formation

Connects the left and right sides of the brain. Transfer motor, sensory, and cognitive information

Sensation such as touch, temperature, and pressure.

Portion of the cerebral cortex in which vision registers in the brain

Receive chemicals and neurotransmitters from other neurons

Cell body

Transmit chemicals

Fatty covering around the axon that speed up the process

Participates in movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory

Participates in motivation, reward, and planning of behavior

Major inhibitory effect in the central nervous system; participates in mood

Major excitatory effect in the central nervous system; participates in learning and memory

Participates in arousal and vigilance and mood

Participates in mood, appetite, and sleep