Anthropology 1002

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What factor caused the political reform in Italy to occur in 14th century A.D?

Popes and merchants

What were the 6 levels of the Great chain of being

God, Angelic beings, Humanity, Animals, Plants, Minerals

What are the three central tenants of the Enlightenment?

Physic unity of Mankind, Cultural Progress, the "Nobel Savage"

Tacticus was a historian and ethnographer and created what book?

Britannia and Germania

What three terms did Lucretius use as a reference to the different tool making era's?

Stone, copper, and Iron age

what was the name of Lucretius book?

De res natura

Sir Francis Bacon created what two Anthropological/Scientific Methods?

Induction and Scientific

Christian Jorgensen Thomsen designed the Three Age System. This system is characterized for sorting artifacts by a process called?

Seriation

What theory did Edouard Lartet Create based of off the Paleolithic Caves of Dordonge (1863)?

The Evolutionary Sequence

did Gabriel Mortillet use artifacts or bones in his research and how did he divide them?

Artifacts and divided them into technological groups

Whose book Baron de l'Alune was a reflection in the formulation and distribution of wealth as Discussed by Adam Smith?

Anne Robert Jaques Turgot

Who coined the term Sociology?

Aguste Comte

Which Sociologist drew of off turbot's stages to impart a messianic view of society?

Auguste Comte

Who created the Pin factor, and the Invisible Hand?

Adam Smith

Who created the book on "The Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers"?

Charles Babbage

What became of the shift from Nocturnal to Diurnal?

Walking, travel, domestication, language, and simple stone tools

7-3 mya was the formation of the earliest:

Homo Habilis

the first known stone tools as created when?

2.5 mya

What was the cause of better eye vision?

Bipedality

What were the physical aspects of the Homo Habilis?

Larger brain size, smaller teeth, face protrudes less

What civilization used the Oldawon Tool?

Homo Habilis

when was the Aeheuchan tool used?

1.7-3.0 mya

who used the Aeheuchan tool tradition?

Homo Erectus

Which civilization used an excessive amount of fire, extensive food modification, and new hunting and preservation techniques

Archaic

The Levallois tool tradition created what?

Prepared the core, use of fire, cooking provided an energetic benefit

What was one of the 4 ideas that Karl Marx took from Adam Smith?

value is within the labour, Exchange generates social relations, producer can generate more than theyneed, power can buy labour

the "Spirit of Capitalism and the Protestant work Ethic" was created by which theorist?

Max Weber

Max Weber said that bureaucracy was the;

characteristic that formed social relations.

What is Phrenology?

measurement of the human skull

Who were the two Anthropologist that used Phrenology In their studies?

Franz Joeseph Gall and Andres Retzius

"The ratio of the maximum width of the head of an organism multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length" is what scientific term?

Cephalic Index

"Crime is a characteristic of human nature...", is a theory generated by which theorist

Cesare Lombroso

Which theorist/scientist researched the Hottentots and developed the concept that all races have an single origin?

Comte de Buffon

what is George Cuvier definition of Catastrophism?

Earth has been affected by past short, violent events.

The theory that populations grow geometrically and food artithmacally eventually causing the food supply to shorten was developed by who?

Thomas Malthus

Who created "The origins of the species"

Charles Darwin

What are the three elements in the "origin of the species" that Charles Darwin developed?

Heritability, natural selection, environmental fitness

Which two theorists used Eugenics and Un-linear Evolution?

Francis Galton and August Weisman

What theory applies biological concepts of Natural Selection and survival of the fittest to sociology?

Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer developed a theory that viewed society as having the same functions as a biological organism, what is this theory?

Organic Analogy

This theory views that society or any social structure as a "living organism" What is this theory

Society vs Organism

Nature of Social Evolution holds the belief that;

rejected the concept of human sin based on the idea that after the fall of the Grace, the human condition was corrupt

What was the 4 square model developed by Franz Boas

Sociocultural, Physical, Archaeological, and Linguistic

The idea that the way of the Samurai culture and government needed to be understood was found in what book and by who?

The Chrysanthium and the Sword; Ruth Fulton Benedict

"The social psychology of symbols" is a description of what theory?

Anthropology

This theorists argued that Psychology and Anthropology should work hand in hand.

Edward Sapir

Emilie Durkhiem said that there were three forms of order what are they?

Similarity in mechanical solidarity, interdependence, change in production disrupts social relations

What theorist defined '"culture"' as being the "Study of culture as an insight into universal law of evolution"

Edward Burnett Tylor

Oppose to Durkiehms three forms of order what is Bronislaw Malinwski

Kinship and Para Kinship, Earliest economic order as being reciprocal, economic systems emerge when people need to meet their basic needs.

the two factors of Shared Structure is the function as a correspondence and for structure to work as a relationship.who developed this idea?

A.R Radcliff

What are two restraints in mass production of food for hunter gatherers?

External and Internal

Early Agriculture changed society by:

maximizing and improving overall food intake.

What were the two limits to agriculture?

Not all plants were used for wild forms, very few plants were domesticated

What caused the shift to Horticulture?

move from low density to slash and burn agriculture. Difficult to find virgin forests.

What is slash and burn horticulture?

Clearing forest areas with stone axes and burning them to release nitrogen, then planting crops

rounded cursive script used with red and black ink can be found were?

Papyrus

Worldwide paper consumption jumped to;

400%

paper amounts to 40% of which countries consumption?

U.S

One of the first things to occur within early human settlements was

reduced population density

in 1925 who created the book "Mien Kamph"

Adolf Hitler

Buying your friend a coffee with the expectation that at some point in the future they’ll probably buy one for you is an example of which ki

Balanced

he first universities were founded to study...

Agriculture

Martin Luther chose to deviate from the Catholic Church in part because:

He wanted the bible to be in vernacular languages

Which of the following is not a function of money discussed in class (Polanyi 1977)?

expression

What is the 17th century view that “Indians can’t handle alcohol”?

it is apart of the culture

According to class, where did the first two industrial revolutions from history occur?

Sumeria and Great Britain

As mentioned in class, why did Henry Ford have a 70% worker turnover rate?

work was unfufilling and boring

In 1502 Catholic Church owned how much money in france

75%

When did the Paleo Indians move to North America

From 16,500 to 13,500 BC move into North America

How long was the Archaic Period

7,000 - 1,000 BC

The Old copper culture, use of native copper, and Ground stone wood- working technologies was used in which era?

Archaic Period

what are the Three categories of claims (Aboriginal)

Rights within name and self governance, treaty and script settlements, right to use resource and and carry out traditions

land claims have six major issues what are they?

land, cash, wildlife, environment, economy

which case included that Existing Aboriginal rights should not be subject to Section 33 of the Charter (‘notwithstanding clause’)

R. v. Sparrow

which case in In 1991 BC judge Alan McEachern claim no aboriginal title to land?

R.v Delgamuukw (97

what did the Hawthorne Report (1967) state?

discrepancies and mismanagement of reserves

who wrote the 1969 White Paper act?

Jean Chretien

What did the 1969 White Paper act declare?

o land claims, abolish Indian Act, integrate Aboriginal people

what year was the White paper withdrawn

1971

1876 Indian Act Established under what section of the constitution?

Section 91(24) of Constitution Act, 1867

Development of steam ships and then refrigeration in 1870s allowed for what?

food to be transported worldwide

what were four (4) results did the Green Revolution (1960s) do?

ertilizers and mechanization, Rise in debt for Third World agriculture, Falling water tables in India, rapid de-forestation in tropical area

who said that Adding new work helps to release “captive divisions of labour” in older work forms

"What creates new work" (Jacobs 1969)

what are Four mistakes of economic optimistsFour mistakes of economic optimists?

use big aggregated stats, Downplay bad stuff as anomalous, See markets, science and democracy as panaceas, 200y of improvements use for fut

Definitions of ingenuity

social ingenuity, arrange people to make governments. Tech ingenuity: arrange stuff to make things

Technologies lead from one to another

Telegraph to the telephone

Technology and cultural relationships

 Stems from a particular tradition of technical behaviour and society

Technology is not a thing but the result of

human design and activity

Three types of culture

technocracy, tool using, industrial revolution

Coal provides useful energy for

$1-2 per MMBtu vs $6-12 for oil and natural gas

question

answer

what is religion?

a system of symbols that have a relative meaning which acts to establish powerful, pervasive meanings

Rituals evolve within groups in order to…

deal with everyday occurrences, deal with special commonalities, preserve“knowledge”, schemas to deal with the “unknown”

what is art?

s a styalized collection of symbols that “tells a story”.

what is war?

A state extending their domestic policies outside of their jurisdiction through alternate means

State making

Eliminating or neutralizing their rivals inside those territories

protection

Eliminating or neutralizing the enemies of their clients

War making

Eliminating or neutralizing their own rivals outside the territories in which they have clear and continuous priority as wielders of force

ethnos”

a people

Institutional ethnography

to study every day social relations and everyday life. A sociological method of inquiry

the law of Acceleration

increase in the rate of technological (and sometimes social and cultural) progress throughout history, which may suggest faster and more pr