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Structure and Function Lab
Bone Elevations and Depressions
96 cards·by Sfliszar248
Process
general term for any elevation
crest
an elongated elevation
hamulus
hook shaped process
spine
sharp pointed elevation
tubercle or tuberosity
rough rounded elevation
condyle
large rounded articulation site
epicondyle
an elevation on a condyle
line
linear elevation
alveolus
deep narrow pit
fovea
small often rounded depression
fossa
shallow but wide depression
sulcus
groove or furrow
meatus
canal
incisura
notch
hiatus
slit like gap or cleft
antrum
air cell or cavity
foramen
hole that allows something to run through
aspera
rough
superior
above
inferior
below
cephalic
pertaining to head
caudal
tail
anterior
front
ventral
front
posterior
back
dorsal
back
medial
middle
lateral
toward side
proximal
closer to head
distal
further from head
superficial
surface
deep
below surface
afferent
nerves traveling in
efferent
nerves traveling out, causing a reaction
palmar
palm of hand
plantar
bottom of foot
prone
lying flat on stomach
supine
lying flat on back
frontal/ coronal plane
front and back split
sagittal/ median plane
left and right split
transverse/ horizontal plane
top and bottom split
para-sagittal plane
right and left split; off center and paralell to midline
oblique plane
combination of two planes
Longitudinal axis
transverse plane (perpendicular attachment)
Mediolateral axis
sagittal plane (perpendicular attachment)
Anteroposterior axis
frontal plane (perpendicular attachment)
atlas
top vertebrae ; holds up skull; (C1)
axis
second vertebrae, sits below Atlas; (C2)
saccrum
4 fused vertebrae between hips; above coccyx
coccyx
tailbone
hyoid bone
goalie throat guard shaped bone in throat; attaches to tongue
humerus
upper arm bone
radius
thumb side forearm bone
ulna
pinky side forearm bone
carpals
wrist bones
metacarpals
hand bones
phalanges
fingers
femur
upper leg bone
tibia
inside larger shin bone
fibula
outer lower leg bone (smaller)
tarsals
ankle bones
metatarsals
foot bones
phalanges
toe bones
Epidermis
top layer of skin (five sub-layers)
Dermis
second major layer of skin (two sub-layers)
Hypodermis
third major layer of skin (connects dermis to bone and other underlying structures)
Papillary layer of dermis
loose connective tissue, blood vessels (higher layer)
Reticular layer of dermis (main layer)
deep lower layer of dermis, dense irregular connective tissue
How many of each kind of vertebrae are there ?
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum, Coccyx (top->bottom)
Epidermis layers (top to bottom)
1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum spinosum 5. stratum
basale
stratum corneum
top pink part
stratum lucidum
dark black/purple
stratum granulosum
white layer
stratum spinosum
flatter cells
stratum basale
first layer of cells
papillary layer of the dermis
finger-like projections
reticular layer of the dermis
everything below the little fingers
adipose tissue
starts the hypodermis
dermal root sheath
lavender
external epithelial root sheath
purple
internal epithelial root sheath
pink
sternal angle
the attachment of the manubrium and body
costal angle
the angle the ribs come in
costal margin
defines abdominal and thoracic cavities
tubercle of the ribs
large bump
costal groove
groove on bottom
Cervical vertebrae look like
pointed straight out, small, look like elephant
thoracic vertebrae look like
point down, medium sized, looks like giraffe
lumbar vertebrae look like
big, chunk not a point, looks like a moose
spines on vertebrae are
posterior
vertebral foramen
huge hole for spinal cord
facet
flat connection surface
intervertebral foramen
between two vertebrae, on lateral sides
Atlas description
two large facets on superior, shaped like crater, deeper facets are top, front arch is small,
back arch is bigger
Axis description
huge tooth like notch on top/front (dens)
bifid spinous process
must be cervical vertebrae