Physiology Exam 1

38 cards·by lkmcmill

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What is the composition of Triglycerides?

one glyceride molecule + 3 fatty acid molecules

Glycerol composition?

3 carbon alcohol + fatty acid

Which bonds are in glycerol?

Ester

Phospholipid structure?

Diglyceride. Charged head group, uncharged fatty acid

Single layer of phospholipids

Micelle--unstable

Transmembrane protein

Hydrophilic pathway across bilayer

Protein structure?

amino acids (amine and carboxylic acid)

Bond that connects Amino Acids

Peptide bonds

Types of Secondary Protein structure?

Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Determine 3D shape, interaction of R-groups

Histone function

DNA wraps around histone and coils

ER proteins

Lysosomal, Secreted, Transmembrane

Cell responsible for endocytosis

Macrophage

Mitochondria function

Use oxygen as electro-acceptor for ATP generation

Cytoskeleton Proteins

Microtubules, filamentous actin, intermediate filaments

(+) end directed motor

Kinesin

(-) end directed motor

Dynein

Myosin

(+) end directed, moves along actin

DNA

Stores information (genes)

Bond that links #5 C to #3 C (DNA)

Phosphodiester

Semi-Conservative

One template strand, one newly synthesized strand

TATA box

Promoter, transcription factors bind to--call RNA polymerase

Introns

Intervening sequence (remove base sequences)

Exons

Expressed regions

Types of RNA

mRNA (transcription in nucleus), tRNA (transfers amino acids), rRNA

Large Ribosomal Subunit

clips amino acid sequence, attaches through a peptide bond

Charged Proteins

Destined for cytoplasm

Uncharged Proteins

Signal Peptide (mostly hydrophobic amino acid). Destined for RER

Tissues

Collection of similar cells performing a similar function

Types of Cells

Epithelium, Connective, Nervous, Muscle

Laminins

Extracellular proteins that link integrin to other extracellular proteins--collagen

Closing Connexins

Calcium signals something bad--Connexins twist and close

Adeno

Glandular

Type of Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Proper, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

Melanocytes

Secrete Melanin--UV protection, skin color

Cholesterol Hormones

Adrenal Cortical Hormones, Sex Hormones, Vitamin D

Kinase

Adds phosphate groups to proteins

Steroid Hormone Receptor

Becomes a portion of a transcription factor, recruits RNA polymerase