cells and inheritance// chapters 3 and 4

all and vocab we need to study

17 cards·by taylorcarroll21

clone

an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced

genome

an of the DNA in one cell of an organism

alleles

the different forms of a gene

tRNA

RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain

mRNA

RNA that copies the coded DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm

phenotype

an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits

genotype

ab organism's genetic material, or allele combinations

purebred

the offspring of many generations that have the same traits

hybrid

an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait

multiple alleles

three or more forms of a gene that code for a singe trait

gene

the set of information that controls a trait

chromosome

a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determines whether a person is male or female

selective breeding

the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

hybridization

a selective breeding method in which 2 genetically different individuals are crossed

inbreeding

a selective breeding method in which 2 individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed

genetic disorder

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

sex-linked gene

a gene that is carried on the x or y chromosomes