Exam 1 Animal Bio

59 cards·by meganchumbley11

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Responsiveness

reaction to stimuli

Conductivity

conduct electricity

Respiration

breathing/exchanging gases

Digestion

Breaking down food

Absorbtion

movement of nutrients into blood or cells

Secretion

secreting into an internal cavity (i.e. enzymes into the stomach)

Excretion

excrete externally (i.e. waste, sweat)

Circulation

movement within and organism

Necessary functions to consider and organism alive

Responsiveness, Conductivity, Growth, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction

Organization of levels of life (small -> large)

Atom-Molecule-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biosphere

Community

Multiple populations in one area

Ecosystem

Living and nonliving components of an area

Biosphere

Entire world

Producers

Get energy from sun

Consumers

Eat producers

Decomposers

eat dead organisms

Negative feedback

Response shuts off the original stimuli

Positive feedback

response enhances original stimuli

Homeostatic Imbalance

Something is not functioning properly

3 Domains

Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya

Components of a Control Mechanism

Receptor(sensor), Control Center, Effector

Receptor (sensor)

Senses a change

Control Center

usually the brain (sometimes spinal cord); it interprets the change and then determines how to respond

Effector

performs the response

Homeostasis

Overall well being of the body

Asexual Reproduction

one individual makes an identical copy of itself (i.e. Bacteria)

Sexual Reproduction

two individuals combine DNA to create an offspring (i.e. Humans)

Evolution

changes in heritable traits from generation to generation

Heredity

changes in traits from parent to offspring

Evolution occurs when...

allele frequencies change from one generation to the next

Gene Pool

entire collection of genes and alleles

Artificial Selection

People selectively breeding organisms

Natural Selection

environment selecting who breeds

Sexual Selection

type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates

Fossils

remains of ancient organisms

Speciation

creation of new species

What is necessary to be considered a species?

ability to mate/interbreed, the offspring must also be able to mate/interbreed

Ecology

the study of relationships among organisms and environment

Biotic

Living

Abiotic

NONliving

Habitat

place where organisms live

Immigration

individuals come into population or area

Emigration

individuals leave area or population

Carrying Capacity

number of organisms an area can support indefinitely

Niche

where an animal lives and its role

Competition

two or more species compete for limited rescources

Mutualistic

two organisms live together and benefit from one another

Commensalism

one organism benefits while the other is uneffective

Parasitism

one organism benefits while the other is harmed

Homologous

the similarities between two organism's structures reflect common ancestry

Vestigial Structure

lost function in one organism but homologous to a function in another species

Habitat Isolation

animals live in different locations

Temporal Isolation

organisms are awake or in heat at different times

Behavioral Isolation

different mating rituals or courtship activities

Mechanical Isolation

reproductive organs do not fit together

Gametic Isolation

the sperm and egg are not compatible

Extinct

all members of the species have died

Herbivory

organisms the consume plants

Predation

organisms eating other organisms