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Midsagittal plane is divided into:
sinistrad (LEFT) & dextrad (RIGHT)
Proximal:
closer to trunk
Distal:
away from trunk
Superficial:
nearer skin surface
Deep:
closer to center of body
Dorsal:
back
Ventral:
belly
Cranial:
direction of the head
Cephalad:
direction of head
Caudal:
direction of tail
Medial:
structures near midline
Mesial:
structures near midline
Lateral:
structures along edges
hard parts of the body are made up of:
bones and cartilages
hardest bones:
bony/osseous material
parts of body that are composed of osseous bone:
skull, ribs, and vertebrae
Midsagittal plane is divided:
divided down middle
bones that form support structure of vocal tract:
skull, ribs, and vertebrae
Cartilaginous:
material composed of semi-flexible material; cartilage
Chondral:
material composed of semi-flexible material; cartilage
Muscles:
made up of long strings of cells that have the specialized ability to contract
Striated Muscles:
"origin-insertion" naming process
muscles rarely act along; they act in:
agonis-antagonist pairs
Agonist:
makes main movement of an articulator
Antagonist:
pulls in the opposite direction; lends control to primary movement
Synergist:
doesn't create movement; lends stability to the system, preventing unwanted motion
Mechanical Advantage:
higher or lower depending on attached closer or farther from muscle joint
higher mechanical advantage:
farther from joint= greater muscle strength less speed & small range of motion
lower mechanical advantage:
muscle attached closer to joint= reduced power, increased speed & range of motion
temporal resolution:
how often an event happens (time)
spatial resolution:
how accurately you can identify/represent a specific location in (space)
temporal and spatial resolution trade-off, so;
as one increases, the other decreases
imaging devices:
takes pictures of body structures; run slowly; show better spatial detail
data-recording tool:
used to measure anatomy directly; (imaging devices & point-tracking devices)
point-tracking:
tracks motion of small number of fixed points very accurately; high spatial & temporal