Chapter 4 Study Guide

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Heredity

is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring

Trait

biological trait

Genetics

the scientific study of heredity

fertilization

a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join

Purebred

a organism that is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait

gene

the factors that control the trait

Alleles

the different forms of a gene

Dominant Allele

is one whose trait always show up in the organism when the allele is present

Recessive Allele

an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

Hybrid

a organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Probability

to predict the results of a particular event

Punnett Square

is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

question

answer

Phenotype

physical appearance or visible traits

Genotype

genetic makeup or allele combinations

Homozygous

an organism that has two identical alleles

Heterozygous

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Codominance

neither dominant nor recessive

Meiosis

the process by which sperm and eggs are made.

Messenger RNA

copies the message from DNA and carries it to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Transfer RNA

carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.

Mutation

is any change in a gene or chromosome