USMLE GOLDEN POINTS - DISEASES

Pernicious Anemia (Ab to intrinsic factor or parietal cells -> Decreased IF -> Decreased VitB12 -> megaloblastic anemia)

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, short stature, young girls

Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

Progressive dementia

1. Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral) 2. Prostitutes Eye (accomodates but doesn't react)

3. Pathognomonic for 3' Syphilis 4. Leion pretectal regions of superior colliculus

Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele

Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (Increased risk for adenocarcinoma) - chronic GERD

Hyperreninemia

CNVII palsy (entire face, recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually following infection

Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

1. Circle of WIllis (subarachnoid bleed) AComA 2. Commonly Assoc. w/ADPKD

Carcinoma in situ on SHAFT of penis (increased risk of visceral ca.) [compare w/Queyrat]

Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 years later

1. Somatization disorder 2. Pyschological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology

Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45), intact comprehension

Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp/ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN/ipsi loss of consc. proprio)

X-linked agammaglobinemia (decreased B cells)

Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab. pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure

1. Acute inflam. of med & small art. of extremities -> painful ischemia -> gangrene 2. Seen exclusively in young & mid.-aged men who smoke

1. Small noncleaved cell lymphoma (EBV) 2. 8:14 translocation 3. Commonly seen in jaw, ab., retroperitoneal soft tissues 4. starry sky app.

Nitric Gas Embolic

Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achalasia

1. (AR) Phagocyte Def. = defect in microtubule polymerization 2.Neutropenia, albinism, cranial & periph. neuropathy, rec. inf. w/strep+staph

Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis);decreasedrenin

TYPE III Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme: amylo 1,6 glcosidase def., increased Glycogen)

Prion infection -> cerebellar and cerebral degeneration

1. Congen. hyperbilirubinemia (unconj.) 2. Glucuronyl transferase def.(can progress to kernicterus) 3. Milder form responds to Phenobarbital

1. IBD: ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, cobbelstones, lyphocytic infiltrate, granulomas

2. VS. UC (limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, increased Colon Cancer risk)

3. Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd.strictures

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

1. Disease: Hypercorticism 2° to ↑ ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)

1. hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic) 2. Sx: moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

1. Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouch formation: Thymus & Parathyroid 2. Thymic hypoplasia → T-cell def. 3. Hypoparathyroidism -> Tetany