REVIEW PATHO

60 cards·by crystaleaves72

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What past Hx would suggest the pt has CAD

MI, angina, CABG, Stent, Angioplasty

does a PMHx of CVA mean the PT has CAD

explain the difference between CAD and an MI

CAD is a broad term for heart disease. MI is included in CAD and it is an active Heart attack

Does a surgical hx of angioplasty mean the pt has CAD

yes

if someone has a PMHx of A-Fib or CHF do the also have CAD

what are the cardiac risk factors

HTN, DM, HLD, CAD, smoking, FHx CAD < 55 y/o

how is CAD dx?

by a cardiologist during a cardiac catheterization not done in ED

name two ways that an MI can be Dx

Stemi (EKG) and non-stemi Troponin

what are some associated SX of an MI other than CP?

N/V, SOB, diaphoresis

what are some associated sx for CHF

SOB, pedal edema

what 2 studies would diagnose CHF

CXR or elevated BNP

what is AFIB

electrical abnormality of the heart causing the top of the heart to quiver

what might someone feel with AFIB

palpitations, fast, pounding, irregular heart beat

how is AFIB dx

EKG

what could be the CC of someone with a PE

pleuritic CP, SOB

what are the risk factors for a pe

known DVT, PMHx of DVT/PE, FHx of DVT/PE, recent surgery, CA, AFIB, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking

what study would Dx a PE

CTA chest or VQ scan

what part of the heart does CAD affect

arteries, veins, nerves

Can a CT chest without IV contrast Dx a PE

What is a PTX

pneumothorax

what is the difference between an inhaler and a nebulizer for asthma

inhaler is portable and gives 1 time dose and rapid released of med, neb. is a home machine that does continuous treatment

what is asthma

constricting of the airway due to inflammation a muscular contraction of the bronchioles. also called RAD

what physical exam finding closely associates with asthma

wheezing

name all 7 areas of the abd

epigastrium, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, suprapubic, periumbilical

what is the CC of GERD

epigastric pain/burning

for older pts with GERD sx, what life-threatening disease may also need to be ruled out

what does bile do? where is it stored?

bile emulsifies the fats in foods, its stored in the gallbladder and made in the liver

what is the difference between cholelithiasis and cholecystitis

cholelithiasis is gallstones, cholecystitis is gallbladder infection/inflammation

CC of someone with gallstones

RUQ abd pain

what physical exam finding is closely associated with cholecystitis

murphy's signs

how are gallstones dx

abd ultrasound of the RUQ

name associated sx of appendicitis

fever, n/v, decreased appetitie

how is appendicitis dx

CT A/P with PO contrast

sx pancreatitis

LUQ abd pain, nausea, fevver

name 4 ossible CC for a GI bleed

hematemesis, coffee ground emesis, hematochezia, melena

how is a GI bleed dx in ED

guaiac positive of Heme + stool, gastroccult

what is the pre existing condition you must have beore you can get diverticulitis

diverticulosis

CC for diverticulitis

LLQ abd pain

diverticulitis Dx

CT A/P with PO contrast

sx of SBO

ABD pain/bloating, vomiting, abd distention, no bms, constipation

how is an SBO dx

CT A/P with PO contrast of AAS XR

pyelo sx

flank pain, fever, dysuria

kidney stones CC

flank pain sudden onset radiating to groin

kidney stones dx

CT A/P or RBC in UA

name the 2 types of CVA

hemorrhagic, ischemic

hemorrhagic CVA sx

HA (worst of life), changes in speech, vision, motor weakness, sensation, AMS

hemorrhagic CVA dx

CT head or lumbar puncture

ischemic CVA sx

focal neuro deficits: changes in speech, vision, one-sided motor changes, one-sided sensation changes

ischemic CVA Dx

clinically, potentially normal head CT

what is a TIA

temporary loss of blood supply to the brain

name of the state after a SZ

postictal

3 sx of meningitis

fever, neck pain/stiffness, HA

meningitis Dx

LP-lumbar puncture

DVT risk factors

known DVT, PMHx of DVT/PE, FHx of DVT/PE, recent surgery, CA, AFIB, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking

what is AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

what is aortic dissection

the separation of the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the pt at risk for aortic rupture and death

3 sx of cellulitis

redness, swelling, and pain to an area of the skin

how is an abscess different from cellulitis

abscess is cellulitis with pus pocket

how can DKA be Dx

arterial blood gas showing low pH or positive serum keytones

name 3 important things to doc for any trauma pt

LOC, head injury, neck pain, back pain, numbness, weakness