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Chapter 4 and 5
CNA
51 cards·by bestnameever1567
Homeostasis
Condition in which all of the body's systems are working their best
Metabolism
Physical and chemical processes
Integumentary system
skin, the largest organ in the body
What does the skin do?
It prevents injury to internal organs, protects against entry of bacteria or germs, and
prevents the loss of too much water
Dilate
widen
Constrict
narrow
Musculoskeletal system
Muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
What does the musculoskeletal system do?
It moves the body,provides framework, and protects organs
Atrophy
when the muscle wastes away, decreases in size, and becomes weak
Constracture
When the muscle "freezes" in position
Autoimmune illness
causes the body's immune system to attack normal tissue
Osteoarthritis
Common in the elderly
Rheumatoid artritis
Joints become red, swollen, and painful. Movement is restricted and can affect people of all
ages
Osteoporosis
causes bones to become porous and brittle
Which side of the body do you dress first when a person has a hip/knee replacement?
the weaker side
The nervous system
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What does the nervous system do?
It controls and coordinates all body functions
hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body
hemiparesis
weakness on one side of the body
expressive aphasia
inability to speak or speak clearly
receptive aphasia
inability to understand spoken or written words
Emotional lability
laughing or crying without reason or when inappropriate
Parkinson's disease
causes a section of the brain to degenerate and affects the muscles, causing them to feel stiff
Multiple sclerosis(MS)
affects the central nervous system
paraplegia
loss of function of lower body and legs
quadriplegia
unable to use legs, arms, or trunk
What are the sense organs?
The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin
Circulatory system
heart, blood vessels, and blood
What does the circulatory system do?
It supplies food, oxygen, and hormones to cells and supplies the body with infection fighting
flood cells
Coronary Artery Disease(CAD)
occurs when the blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow
Congestive heart failure(CHF)
the heart doesn't pump effectively. blood backs up into the heart instead of circulating
respiration
the body taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
Urinary system
two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and a urethra
What does the urinary system do?
It eliminates waste and maintains the water balance in the body
Gastrointestinal (GI) system
Digestive organs. mouth, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Ostomy
Operation to create an opening from an area inside the body to the outside
stoma
the opening in the abdomen
Endocrine system
glands and hormones
Diabetes
a disease in which the pancrease does not produce or properly use insulin
Insulin
a hormone that converts glucose, or natural sugar, into energy for the body
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BPH)
affects men as they age. the prostate becomes enlarged
Immune system
lymph nodes, lymph vessels
What does the immune and lymphatic systems do?
Protects the body by fighting infection and removes excess fluids and wastes from the body's
tissues
Confusion
inability to think clearly
delirium
severe confusion that occurs suddenly
cognition
ability to think logically and quickly
dementia
serious loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and
communicating
Alzhiemer's disease
causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain and eventually causes
dementia
Delusions
when a resident belives that are not true
perseverating
repeating things over and over
validating
giving value to or approving when residents believe they live in the past or in imaginary
circumstances