biology

1st semester exam

128 cards·by blaivue

Study this deck

Energy is released from ATP when

bonds between phosphate is broken

what are the products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide

organisms that make their own food are called

autotrophs

the attractions of water molecules to other molecules is called

adhesion

the products of photosynthesis are the _ of cellular respiration

reactants

what are the three parts of cell theory

1)alllivingthingsaremadeupofcells.2)cellsarethebasicunitsofstructureandfunctioninlivingthings.3)newcellsareproducedfrompreexitingcells

which type of cell encloses their DNA in a nucleus

eukaroytes

which organelles that are no longer useful

lysosomes

which organelles are involved in energy conversion

mitochondria and chloroplast

smallest to largest- molecule, organ, atom, cell, tissue, organism, organ system

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, orgainism

list the four macromolecules and their building blocks

carbohydrates- monosaccharide. Protein- amino acids. Lipids- triglycerides . Nucleic Acids- Nucleotide

Describe what happens during mitosis

the time in which cells separate thier duplicated contents and divide

which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants

water exhibits cohesive behavior

what property of water allows it ot be such a versatile solvent?

polarity and cohesion

during which phase does spindles form

prophase

during which phase of cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time

Interphase

what are the properties of water that make it so unique

hydorgen bonds, cohesion, adhesion, specificity heat, polarity

What completes the process of cell division, it splits one cell into two

cytokinesis

During what phase does the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centriole

interphase

Interphase is divided into three phase

G1 , S, G2

What happens during G1

cell grows

new DNA is synthesized and chromosomes replicates

many organelle and molecules required cell divisions are produced

when a cell grows and prepares for division and divides to form 2 daughter cell

cell cycle

What are genetic information that is bundle into packages of DNA

Chromosomes

What contains single chromosomes

Prokaryotic

Contains multiple chromosomes

Eukaryotic

The genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the duplicated chromosomes becomevisible

prophase

the centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

metaphase

chthe romosomes separates and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

anaphase

The chromosomes which were distinct and condensed begin to spread out into a tangleofchromatid

telophase

The cell cycle is controlled by

regulatory protein both inside and outside the cell

mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

tumor

one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaroytioic cells

cyclin

one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and divisions ofcells

growth factor

process of programmed cell death

apoptosis

disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth

cancer

sell spends most of its time here

interphase

genetically identical, single parent, mostly single-celled organism, less diversity=all offsprings is the same

Asexual

Genetically different, 2 parents, most plants and animal some unicellular, more diversity=offsprings are different

sexual

Cell division

cell divides into two new daughter cell

cell increase in size and its _ doesnt

DNA

energy for active transport comes from a cell's

mitochondria

normally in the process of osmosis, thenet flow of water molecules into or out of the cell depends upon differences in the

concentration of water molecules inside and outside the cell

molecules that are too large to pass through the pores of a cell membrane may enter the cell by aprocess known as

pinocytosis

_ is essential in the production of "power" at the cellular level

ATP

most of what we eat ends up as

glucose

s the moleculer formula for glucose

C6H12O6

What kind of a relationship do the 3 phosophate molecules have with eaach other

they dislike each other, the 3rd gets kick off

what does ATP become when it loses one of its phosphate groups and what is released

ADP Adenosine Diphosphate

what takes the place of the phosphate molecule that is kicked off

In cellular respiration, when gluecose and oxygen are combined, how may ATP have the poetential to be produced

38ATP

what are the steps of cellular respiration

glycolysis, the krebs cycle, electron transport chain

what are the products of glycolsis

4ATP, 2Pyruvate and 2NADH

can glycolysis happen without oxygen? what is this called

yes and Anarobic Fermentation

what is the product of fermentation

alcohol

glycolsis occurs in the

cytoplasm

krebs cycle occurs across the inner membrane of the

mitochondria

the electron transport chain can produce

34 AtP Molecules

Glycolsis creates _ ATP

Krebs cycle creates _ ATP

Electron Transport chain creates _ ATP

One glucose molecule produces _ ATP

What needs of the plant are met by controlling the opening and closing of Stomata?

stomata control gas exchange (CO2+O2)

Stomata open close inresponse to water pressure within

Guard cell

Most of the photosynthesis activity of a leaf takes place in the

palisade and sponge meophyll

most water transport in stems takes place in

sapwood

which of the following are found in roots

dermal, vascular, and ground tissue

what are the three main functions of leaves

1. absorb sunlight 2. carry out photosynthesis 3. letting O2+CO2 in and out of the leaf

xylem

cells have died, leaving behind only the cell wall

phloem

cells contain living cell

phloem functions primarily in the

plant transport products of photosynthesis

the plant organ that supports the plant body and carries nutrients between different parts of the plant is the

stem

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2+6H2O ---> C6H12O6+6O2

the using of lightenergy to make sugar and O2

photosynthesis

two types of cellular respiratory

aerobic and anerobic

cellular respiratory equation

C6H12O6+6O2

Dermal Tissue is the

Protection

ground tissue is

synthesis sugar, storage and support

is the opening in leaf for gas exchange

Stoma

which instrument is most commoly used to obseve the external features of a grasshopper's abdomen

dissenting microscope

is the using lightenergy to make sugar and o2

photosynthesis

most cell membrane are composed pricipally of

protien and lipids

anchor plants in the ground holding soil in place and preventing erosion

root

provide support system for the plant body

stem

plants main photosynthetic organs

leaves

the protective outer covering of a plant

dermis tissue

uppot the plant body and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant

vascular tissue

woody, supportive plant tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from roots through the stem and leaves

xylem

plant tissue that carries materials like sugars from the leaf to all parts of the plant

phloem

the loss of water through leaves

transpiration

highly specialized cells that surroind the stomata an control their opening and closing

guard cell

small opening in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide, H2O and oxygen to diffuse into andout the leaf

stomata

Which structure is usually present only in animal cells

centriole

compared to ask in cell, a muscle cell is likely to have

mitochondria

an organelle differs from an organ in that an organelle

is a sub-structure of a cell

which structure includes all the other

nucleus

fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoid

stroma

granum

stack of thylakoid

light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy

pigment

principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

chlorophyll

biological equivalents of solar power plants

chloroplast

saclike photosynthesis membrane found in chloroplasts

thylakoid

process that release energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules int he presenceof oxygen

cell use to store and release energy

ATP

organism that obtain food by consuming other living things

heterotrophs

what does atp do for a cell

supplies energy for cellular process

what do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

osmosis is a for of

passive transport

osmosis occurs via ficilitated diffusion because

the inside of the cell membrane is hydrophobic (hates water)

Hypotonic solution has a low solute concentration and water mo ves into the cell

hypontonic

solution has ahigh solut concentration and moves out of the cell

hypertonic

solute in solution and cell are equal

isotonic

protects, support and allow things to go in and out

lipid bilayer

function to reflect the chemical property of lipids

cell membrane

when a cell membrane allows some things to pass through, but not other things is

selectively permeable

cell membrane acts like a

fluid

is movement of material across the cell membrane without energy

passive transport

driving force behind movement of many substances a cross the cell membrane

diffusion

individuals wholack lactose are unable to breakdown the sugar lactose. which term best describe lactose

enzyme

enzyme works best at its highest peak

35*c and pH of 8

the break down of hydrogen peroxide

enzyme

diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane

osmosis

same strength

isotonic

above strength

hypertonic

below strength

hypotonic

which of the following is NOT a component of DNA

amino acid

the digestion of maltose involves the

addition of water molecules to maltose