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mostly wool made by interlocking wool scales, for fitted apparel due to lack of flexibility and elasticity

also called fake or faux felt. This process produces fabric using barbed needles that pull fibers through a web. inexpensive

Air is incorporated into an elastic like substance making it bulky and spongy, Used to shape and pad, used on Shoulder pads & intimate appar

Made from vinyl or polymer solution. Waterproof, soil and stain resistant. Ex. Latex, uses: raincoat

1. Two layers of fabrics combined into 1 layer using adhesive or foam

less costly fabric upgraded, self-lining gives comfort & stability, reduced sewing time

• Composite of three layers Face fabric, Fiberfill or batting, Backing fabric

Held together by ♣ Thread Chemical adhesive

allows water vapor, not liquid water, to pass through.

waterproof, windproof, and breathable, incorporate very thin & microporous film

Textile processed from the outside layer of the skin of mammals, reptiles, fish and birds

A finishing process done to cure leather and suede

fabric with complex patterns or figures. Most commercial lace made w/raschel knittingmachine or special lace machine

narrow fabric made by interlacing yarns lengthwise & diagonally. Uses: trims & belts

Can be in solution or paste form, Paste used for printing; penetrates more than pigments.Soluble and will penetrate into the fiber, Color is

Insoluble, Sits on surface of textile and is held by a binding, Color is easier to match because held on surface vs. chemically combine with

Pre-fiber, Fiber, yarn, fabric, product/garment

fiber/pre-fiber stage. and least at product/garment stage

a. Block or prevent color absorption during yarn and fabric dyeing

wax is used to block certain areas so that these areas have no dye penetration)

• Design applied with hot wax • Cooled and harden • Dyed in cool or cold dye bath • Wax removed in hot bath • Expensive and labor-intensive

Hand process where areas of yarn or fabric are wrapped with thread or string

uniformity in appearance and quality, availability in uniform widths, cheaper and easier to make into products

This fabric is produced by resist dyeing yarns before weaving them, an expensive and labor intensive process.

Fabric is dyed in darker colors, design is created by removing colors from selected areas intensity of color is the same on both sides, may

Printing on a previously dyed fabric

When two colors match under one light but not another

producing fabric from fibers of different generic groups (e.g., protein and cellulose)

used to describe the process used to dye solid colored fabric made from different generic fibers

a. washdown (color loss over time after laundering or dry-cleaning) can occur

- Color will not fade when exposed to certain conditions and color will not bleed or more onto other fabrics (washing, rubbing)

These individuals or companies finish greige/grey goods for others.

Any process done to fiber, yarn or fabric before or after fabrication to change appearance, hand or performance

subtractive. Chemical is applied in localized areas and dissolves the cellulose leavingthe other fiber intact

This process is used on cellulosic fabric and causes it to be sheer and stiff.

luster

improve luster, softness, durability, absorbency

Used to resist the abrasion and tension of weaving, applied to warp yarns prior to weaving them to protect them from abrasion

usually oxidizing agents - to remove impurities

natural or synthetic surface fibers applied to base fabric

Eliminates problems of skewing and bowing.

can be arranged in almost any direction to create raised designs or motifs

layer of fiber end raised from ground weave by a mechanical brushing action

this process is used to make skins or hides of animals more pliable and water and rot resistant

Fiber ends, on the fabric surface, are burned to make the fabric more smooth and lustrous.Minimizes pilling and provides a smooth surface

carefully controlled felting process (moisture, heat, and friction used)