prokaryotic biology

82 cards·by stkite

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Staphylococcus aureus

Follicutlitus, scalded skin, boils, sinusitis, MSRA

Streptococcus pyogenes

Scarlet fever, necrotizing fascititus

Rubella

german measles

Rubeola

measles

Varicola-zoster-herpes

chickenpox, shingles

Varida

smallpox

Pneumonia

streptococcus pneumoniae

stomach flu - epithelial mucosa

Salmonella, Shigella, EIEC

stomach flu - outside epithelial mucosa

EHEC, ETEC, EAEC

stomach flu - outside epithelial mucosa

EHEC, ETEC, EAEC

Stomach flu

Norovirus (highly infectious), rotovirus

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea

Haemophilus ducreyi

chancroid

Chlamydia trachomitus

nongonococcal urethritis

Syphilis

Treponema pallidium

Trichomoniosis

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

viruses

human papillomavirus, genital warts, herpes simplex

AIDS

HIV

Stage 3 AIDS

pnuemocyts hiroveci (thrush)

Stage 4 AIDS

Kaposis sarcoma via herpes type 8

Meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningtidis

Black Plague

Yersinia pestis (rats, fleas)

Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdoferi (ticks)

Rickettsia prowazekii

epidemic typhus

Salmonella typhi

typhoid fever

tularemia

Francisella tularensis

Hep A

picornavirus ssRNA

Hep B

hepodnavirus dsRNA

Hep C

flavivirus ssRNA

Penicillin, Vancomycin, Cyloserine, Bacitracin

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Polypeptide disrupters

Polymyxin B, Gram

Fatty Acid disruption antibiotic

Plastensimycin, Isoniazid

Prevent DNA replication by blocking DNA gyrase

Quinolones: nolidixic acid and ciproflaxcin

Prevent nucleic acid syntheis

sulfa drugs

Blocks bacterial RNA polymerase

Rifampcin, Rifampin

Blocks ALL transcription

Actinomycin D

Ribosomal inhbitors, 50S subunit

Erythromycin, azithromycin, chrloamphenicol, clindomycin, oxazolidinones

Bacteriocidal ribosomal inhibitors causing misreads

Streptomycin, Gentamicin

Binds to A-site causing ribosomal inhibition, bad for pregnant women

tetracyclines

Inhibit viral attachment

Amantadine, Zanamivir

Inhibit DNA synthesis

Acyclovir

Blocks viral RNA polymerase

Ribavirin

Protease inhibitor (HIV treatment)

Nelfinavir

Targets reverse transcriptase (HIV treatment)

AZT

Directly inactivates reverse transcriptase (HIV treatment)

Nevirapine

Broad Spectrum drugs

Tetracyclines, Cetoxitin, chloramphenicol, imipenem

Identifies unculturable bacteria

PCR

What test do you use to tell the difference b/w Staph and Strept?

Catalase Test: Only Staph converts water and oxygen to peroxide.

What antibody is used to detect HIV-AIDS?

HIV-1 antibody

Type III protein secretion

hypodermic needle injection, injected proteins cause host to engulf bacteria

Type IV Protein Secretion

Injects DNA, protein into cell: Agrobacterium, Bordatella, Helicobacter pylori

Virulence factors

Adehesins, HpI, endotoxins, exotoxins

Bordatella pertussis pertactin binds _____ in trachea, Streptococcus protein F binds host ______

integrin, fibronectin

Hollow fibrils with tips to bind host cells

pilli

HpI causes....

iron uptake

Endotoxins cause

fever, bind macrophages and B cells, inducing SHOCK AND INFLAMMATION

Exotoxins...

form pores in host cell membrane, disrupts protein synthesis

Bacillus arthracis is an adenylate cyclose activated by binding host calmodulin, resulting in....

overproduction of cAMP and disruption of calmodulin

Superantigens

Staphylococcus(toxic shock) -targets T-cell receptor and MHCII, same as Streptococcus (scarlet fever)

Innate immunity: Physical barriers

Skin, mucosal surfaces (toll receptors, M cells), ciliary escalator, lung, lacrimal apparatus

Chemical defeneses

Lysozyme destroys peptidoglycan, antimicrobial peptides destroy micobial plasma membrane(defensins and Cathelicidins)

Myeloid lineage

Neutrophils (WBC), basophils, and zosinophils release toxins at microbes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages

Lymphoid stem cell

T cell, B cells, Natural Killer cells

Natural killer cells attack cells that...

dont secrete MHCI, or viral proteins bound to ADCC

Which undergo phagosytosis

Neutrophils, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells

Which host cell glycoprotein prevents self attack by phagocytosis?

glycoprotein CD47

Inflammation causes redness, swelling, heat and pain, but also...

destroys infectious agent, limits infection, and reapirs tissue damage

Stages of inflammation are

1.trigger(by cytokines), 2. Vasodilation (by histamines), 3. Phagocyte migration, and 4.Tissue repair

Prostaglandin stimulates...

nerve cells, causing pain

Interfere with viral replication, produced by infected host cells

Interferons

Induces dsRNA endonuclease, and prevents translation of viral RNA

Type 1 interferons (elF2 kinase)

Triggers signals cascades in macrophages, NK cells, T cells

Type 2 interferons

What are the major results of the complement system?

C3b causes Opsonization and leads to Cytolysis, C3a causes Inflammation

Primary circulating antibody

IgG

first antibody released

IgM

Responds to antigens from infected cells

TH1, activating T cells

Responds to antigens in bloodstream

TH2, B cells produce antibodies

ELISA means Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, what does it detect?

If a patient has been exposed to a virus and is producing antibodies.

What is the childhood vaccine and what does it protect against?

MMR vaccine, mumps, measles and rubella.

Protists that lack vestigal chloroplasts

Apicomplexa

These lack mitochondria

Excavates (lack, ex-)

Protists w/ a secondary endosymbiotic event

Cryptophyte algae