Psychology exam

regurgitation of food

lack of interest in certain food so avoided

characterzied by low body weight and intense fear of obesity

characterized by episodes of extreme binging and purging

binging and eating without compensating for it

restrictive diet and extreme exercise and binge/ purging

hertiability from family, pubertal weight gain, and dysregulation of ghrelin and leptin

body dissatisfaction, low self esteem, perfectionism, childhood sexual abuse

weight gain

making them understand the importance of food and restablishing a healthy relationship with food, see why they dont like food to correct

improve functional and interpersonal relationships, family therapy, and addressing other disorders

Cognitive . behavioural therapy

focus on factors that trigger bingeing and find coping strategies

1. Excitement 2. Plateu 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution

increased blood flow to genitals and muscle tension and sensitivity

decreased aatn to external stimuli and increase in heart rate

muscular contractions in genitals n body

decrease blood flow, muscle tension and males in refractory period

abnormal weight, no limit in smok + alch, hormone deficient, medical cond , medications

chilhood abuse,performance anxiety, depression, prohibitive beliefs

relationship unhealthy

little to no interest in sexual activities : due to work sometime

reduction or absence of interest in sex often negative about sex

inhibited sexual excitement

involves a persistent delay in orgasm

delayed ejaculatiomn

minute men.....

involves pain during sex

Pain during intercourse ( coochie dry, infection, and vaginal injury)

vaginal wall or pelvic floor spasm when sex is tried accompies pain and sex isnt possible

sexual experiences

hormone replacement, surgery, mechinal, penile implants, medications (viagra) medications not 100% effective

creams containing antifungals and corticosteroids or estrogen

sex-ed, anxiety reduction, changing maladaptive beliefs, tasks to increase sexual interaction, communication training

not in dsm but obsessive over sex

abnormal sexual behaviour

sexual arousal or gratification of socially unacceptable objects

only diagnosed when harm to others and self

strong sexual attraction to objects or body parts not related to genital

sexually aroused by cross dressing

urges or fantasies to flash genitals

urges or acts involve observing an unsuspecting person who is naked (in private environments)

sexual urges to touch individuals against their consent (usually occurs in crowded environment)

sexual urgers towards prepubscent children and early prubescent children

to enjoy the pain of others in sex

arousal when abused during sex

pedophilic (reduced right amygdala activity and less white matter in certain regions of the brain)

psychodynamic tradition: fear of castration, learning (exposure), juvenile sex offenders, unusual sex interests low self esteem, impulsivity

earlier exposure to sex and sexual abusers

medications (inaccurate), encouraging sexually appropriate behaviours, weaken inappropriate behav,m developing social skills, CBT relapse p

Incongruent sense of gender, addressed as he but believe you should be a she

poorly misunderstood but prenatal exposure to androgens, maybe neurohormones matter, childhood experiences,

often little support provided but gender transition surgery psychological interventions in children, hormone therapy, (sex surgery issues)

intoxication->bingeing -> withdrawal -> craving -> intoxication again (cycle)

increase dopamine within Ventral tegmental area

reduce inhibiton of dopamine released by VTA and causes it to increase

mimic dopamine action in NA

blocks dopamine uptake or increases dopamine released by VTa leads to more dopamine

heighten memories of past drug experiences

PFC cant regulate the mesolimbic dopmaine system releases dopamine

needs to have two for a 12 month period

2-3 symptoms presemnt'

4-5 symptoms present

26 symptoms present

produce both drowsiness and euphoria increases dopamine and bind to endorphin sites, tolerance increases OD is common Fentanyl

restlessness, muscle pain, insomnia, cold flashes

endorphins, heroin, codeine, morphine, methadane, and oxycodone

prescribed to relieve muscle tension, insomnia, agitation and anxiety

sedative: low dose: relax muscles and produce mild well being: high dose: disorientated : dangerously high: suffocation

low dosage: produce mild feelings of well being, can lead to dependance because of tolerance (withdrawal)

dangerous and can be depressant extreme and act on GABA system

jumpstart CNS

heart arrhythmias, dizzinessm tremors, sweating, anxiety paranoia, agitation, hostility, and restlessness

euphoria, sociable, anxiety, anger, impaired . judgement and social functioning

vomitting, high heartrarte, sweating, chills, nausea,

low doses: euphoria increased BP and HR, insomnia parnoia, and reduced appetite, potential for tolerance, dependence and withdrawal DOP^^

stimulant and depressant: releases doapmine, acetylcholine and epinephrine

lSD, vivid visual experience, less addictive

hallucinogen that decreases serotnin and increase dopamine

produce dream like detachments in humans

syrup that causes disorientation confusion sensory dystortion hypothermia and increased bp and heart arrhythmia

intoxication through vapors: imparied judgement, euphoria , dizziness and slurred speech

heart failure and stroke and acute respitory distress

estacy and synthetic marijuana : High followed by crash

we already aware bruh

genetic, reward circuit, positive/ negative reinforcement, expectancy effect, coping, behavioural under control lack of conscience,

social: victimization, childhood abuse permissive family , adolescence, college and advertising

in patient and out patient. remove drugs, increase understanding of factors related to addiction, , medication,

providing a safer drug ex methadane

providing drug that blocks the action of addictive drug ex: naltrexone

providing a drug that produces unpleasent effects when addictive drug is used disulfiram (antabuse)

controlled used, component treatment, social skills training, cue exposure training, relapse prevention using CBT to help resist temptations

combines medication and psychological treatment

pairing psychological with antabuse

reward positive behaviour

focusing interpersonal relationships

addicted to gambling most dont admit problem

urge to steal for no profit

addicted setting shit on fiyreeee

addicted to gaming

vocabulary same, speed decrease, episodic memory decrease, spatial visualization decrease, reasoning decrease with age

reduction in brain volume in hippocampus, pfc and difficulty in turning off default network

state of confusion; develops over a period of hours and fluctuate

person shows cognitive deficits that are greater than the normal ageing; MEMORY, ATTENTION, AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

gradual deterioration of judgement memory language and other cognitive processes that INTEFERE WITH INDEPENDENCE

focuses on early stages and modest, large human and financial costs

alzheimers disease and deterioration

memory and orientation judgement and reasoning, learning problems, irritability and social withdrawal, aphasia, apraxia agnosia, anomia

issues with language

moto problems

no recognition

cant name objecgts

neuronal and synpatic loss : abnormalities: neurofibrillary tangles neauritic plaques

found inside nerve cell twisted fibres tau tau is core protein which helps transport nutrients

composed of beta amyloid; aggregate amyloid

genetic. early onset before age 65, mutation in certain genes, inherting 2 copies certain ApoE allele

lifestyle associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke , unhealthy diet, no physical actvity, smoking, stress, and alcohol abuse drug

invovles cognitive declines due to reduced blood flow to the brain

thcikening of arties due to build up of plaque that narrows arteries

characterized by a reduction of the anterior lobes of the frontal and temporal areas

impulsivity, apathy, loss of empathy, stereotyped behaviroual patterns, overeating

genetic mutation contribute to 40% \

Falls 35.2% other 21% car acc 17.3 . %, struck by object 16.5% assault 10%

lewy bodies are abnormal aggregates of proteins

change in alertness . attn visual hallucninations and parkinsons like symptoms

tremors in hands arms legs jaw and face, slowness, drooping posture; damge in substantia nigra

drugs cause neurocognitive disorder

slower mental processing if HIV is untreated

rare, genetically transmitted, attention, planning, problem solving, memory, arthemtic, and spatial abilities affected

infectious pathogens that are structurally different than other pathogens and spongy holes in the brain

Fix medical conditions, rehabilitiaion, biological treatments : medications, psychological address social and emotional stress, lifestyle!

environemtnal supprot and make changes that can hinder recovery

ocean

odd or . eccentric disorders

emotional dramtic and erratic disorders

fear disorders

heritability 40-60% and abuse

structure, treatment alliance, consistency, validation, motivation, metacognition

excessive distrust of others without justifciation

detachment from social relationships and no expression of emotion

eccedntric paranoid or peculiar thoughts and behaviours and a high degree of discomfort and reduced capacity of interpersonal relationship

disregard of others and violation of others right, evidence of conduct disorder b4 age 15

not included in dsm-5 : emphasis of internal functioning and emotional detachment

gene/environment, fearlessness hypothesis

overly sensitive disorder , lack of stable sense of self, hypersensitive to social stress and behavioural excesses

genetics, reduced brain volume in regions w/ emotional regulation, activity in insular regions differs,

negative cognitions " world is dangerous"

childhood abuse or neglect

medication, psychotherapy

pretreatment, stage 1: developing a stable life, stage2: addresses traumatic experiences, stage 3: self respect

effective for those who find therapy difficult or with comorbid conditions like substance abuse" focus on developing sense of self

reduce self destructing behaviours and developing sense of self

people who suffer with attention seeking disorder, dramatic as hell, center of attention

need for admiration and lack of empathy

constant attention, cant take criticism, overestimates talents, sense of entitlement

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequecy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

exessive need to be taken care of that leads to clinging behaviour

obessions that leads to compulsions of perfection

person isnt able to understand proceedings or environment

mental disorder

have rights to privacy, confidentiality, and anomnity

informed consent, boundaries, no harm, recognizing limits of competence, andconfidentiality with limits

Tarasoff vs R

declared therapists have duty to warn third party of impending danger

no legal duty but ethical duty to warn third parties of danger under Canadian psychological Association code of ethics

allowing experts on the stand to give info about person's mental disorder can be good and bad depending